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Raynaud syndrome, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a medical condition in which the spasm of small arteries causes episodes of reduced blood flow to end arterioles. [1] Typically the fingers, and, less commonly, the toes, are involved. [ 1 ]
Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin. [1] The discoloration is caused by reduction in blood flow through the arterioles that supply the cutaneous capillaries, resulting in deoxygenated blood showing as blue discoloration ().
Most patients (over 80%) have vascular symptoms and Raynaud's phenomenon, which leads to attacks of discoloration of the hands and feet in response to cold. Raynaud's normally affects the fingers and toes. Systemic scleroderma and Raynaud's can cause painful ulcers on the fingers or toes, which are known as digital ulcers.
CREST syndrome, also known as the limited cutaneous form of systemic sclerosis (lcSSc), is a multisystem connective tissue disorder.The acronym "CREST" refers to the five main features: calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia.
In people with Raynaud’s phenomenon, cold temperatures or stress trigger spasms in the small blood vessels near the surface of the skin, causing the vessels to constrict and limit blood flow.
The most prevalent skin change is Raynaud's phenomenon, which usually appears early in the course of the disease. [14] Swollen digits are a common sign, and on occasion, the complete hand swells. [15] [16] Acrosclerosis, also known as sclerodactyly, can develop with or without proximal scleroderma and is usually a later symptom of the condition ...
In occupational safety and health, hand arm vibrations (HAVs) are a specific type of occupational hazard which can lead to hand–arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). HAVS, also known as vibration white finger ( VWF ) or dead finger , [ 1 ] is a secondary form of Raynaud's syndrome , an industrial injury triggered by continuous use of vibrating hand ...
hip and knee fully flexed, extension of knee elicits pain and/or opisthotonus Kocher's sign: Emil Theodor Kocher: ophthalmology, endocrinology: Hyperthyroidism, Basedow's disease, In fixation on a fast upwards movement there occurs a convulsive retraction of the eyelid Koebner's phenomenon: Heinrich Koebner: dermatology: various conditions ...