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Patients with subgaleal hematoma may present with hemorrhagic shock given the volume of blood that can be lost into the potential space between the skull periosteum and the scalp galea aponeurosis, which has been found to be as high as 20-40% of the neonatal blood volume in some studies. [1]
The five layers of the scalp, from superficial to deep, can be memorized by using the mnemonic SCALP. The Skin of the scalp has been scientifically examined for thickness. [3] The posterior scalp skin thickness is 1.48 mm; [3] the temporal scalp is 1.38mm; [3] and the anterior scalp thickness is 1.18 mm. [3] The scalp contains approximately 100 ...
A craniotomy is a surgical operation in which a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to access the brain.Craniotomies are often critical operations, performed on patients who are suffering from brain lesions, such as tumors, blood clots, removal of foreign bodies such as bullets, or traumatic brain injury, and can also allow doctors to surgically implant devices, such as deep brain ...
Lacerations to the scalp and resulting hemorrhage of the skin; Traumatic subdural hematoma, a bleeding below the dura mater which may develop slowly; Traumatic extradural, or epidural hematoma, bleeding between the dura mater and the skull; Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage; Cerebral contusion, a bruise of the brain; Concussion, a loss of ...
Pneumocephalus has also been shown to follow neurosurgical procedures such as deep brain stimulation and hematoma evacuation (e.g., chronic subdural hematoma [6]), where while seemingly innocuous to the patient, may cause brain shift, subsequent stereotactic inaccuracy, and even another surgical intervention.
The pterion is the region where the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones join. [1] It is located on the side of the skull, just behind the temple.It is also considered to be the weakest part of the skull, which makes it clinically significant, as if there is a fracture around the pterion it could be accompanied by an epidural hematoma.
Raccoon eyes, also known as panda eyes or periorbital ecchymosis, is a sign of basal skull fracture or subgaleal hematoma, a craniotomy that ruptured the meninges, or (rarely) certain cancers. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Bilateral hemorrhage occurs when damage at the time of a facial fracture tears the meninges and causes the venous sinuses to bleed into the ...
A "heat hematoma" is an epidural hematoma caused by severe thermal burn, causing contraction and exfoliation of the dura mater and exfoliate from the skull, in turn causing exudation of blood from the venous sinuses. [13] The hematoma can be seen on autopsy as brick red, or as radiolucent on CT scan, because of heat-induced coagulation of the ...