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  2. London dispersion force - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_dispersion_force

    Interaction energy of an argon dimer.The long-range section is due to London dispersion forces. London dispersion forces (LDF, also known as dispersion forces, London forces, instantaneous dipoleinduced dipole forces, fluctuating induced dipole bonds [1] or loosely as van der Waals forces) are a type of intermolecular force acting between atoms and molecules that are normally electrically ...

  3. Dipole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipole

    These occur due to chance when electrons happen to be more concentrated in one place than another in a molecule, creating a temporary dipole. These dipoles are smaller in magnitude than permanent dipoles, but still play a large role in chemistry and biochemistry due to their prevalence. See instantaneous dipole. Induced dipoles

  4. Polarizability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarizability

    The polarizability of an atom or molecule is defined as the ratio of its induced dipole moment to the local electric field; in a crystalline solid, one considers the dipole moment per unit cell. [1] Note that the local electric field seen by a molecule is generally different from the macroscopic electric field that would be measured externally.

  5. Non-covalent interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-covalent_interaction

    A dipole-induced dipole interaction (Debye force) is due to the approach of a molecule with a permanent dipole to another non-polar molecule with no permanent dipole. This approach causes the electrons of the non-polar molecule to be polarized toward or away from the dipole (or "induce" a dipole) of the approaching molecule. [ 13 ]

  6. Van der Waals force - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_force

    The van der Waals forces [4] are usually described as a combination of the London dispersion forces between "instantaneously induced dipoles", [5] Debye forces between permanent dipoles and induced dipoles, and the Keesom force between permanent molecular dipoles whose rotational orientations are dynamically averaged over time.

  7. Electric dipole moment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_dipole_moment

    By truncating this expansion (for example, retaining only the dipole terms, or only the dipole and quadrupole terms, or etc.), the results of the previous section are regained. In particular, truncating the expansion at the dipole term, the result is indistinguishable from the polarization density generated by a uniform dipole moment confined ...

  8. Polarization density - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_density

    For example, if Alice chooses a unit cell with positive ions at the top and Bob chooses the unit cell with negative ions at the top, their computed P vectors will have opposite directions. Alice and Bob will agree on the microscopic electric field E in the solid, but disagree on the value of the displacement field D = ε 0 E + P {\displaystyle ...

  9. Dielectric spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_spectroscopy

    This originates from permanent and induced dipoles aligning to an electric field. Their orientation polarisation is disturbed by thermal noise (which mis-aligns the dipole vectors from the direction of the field), and the time needed for dipoles to relax is determined by the local viscosity.