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2. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcatheter_aortic_valve...

   However, the risks associated with surgical aortic valve replacement are increased in elderly patients and those with concomitant severe systolic heart failure or coronary artery disease, as well as in people with comorbidities such as cerebrovascular and peripheral arterial disease, chronic kidney disease, and chronic respiratory dysfunction.

3. Ross procedure - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_procedure

   Diagram of the human heart. Several adaptations of the Ross procedure have evolved, but the principle is essentially the same; to replace a diseased aortic valve with the person's own pulmonary valve (autograft), and replace the person's own pulmonary valve with a pulmonary valve from a cadaver (homograft) or a stentless xenograft.

4. Aortic stenosis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_stenosis

   As of 2014 rheumatic heart disease mostly occurs in the developing world. [1] Risk factors are similar to those of coronary artery disease and include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and being male. [1] The aortic valve usually has three leaflets and is located between the left ventricle of the heart, and the aorta. [1]

5. Apicoaortic conduit - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apicoaortic_Conduit

   Apicoaortic Conduit (AAC), also known as Aortic Valve Bypass (AVB), is a cardiothoracic surgical procedure that alleviates symptoms caused by blood flow obstruction from the left ventricle of the heart. Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) is caused by narrowing of the aortic valve (aortic stenosis) and other valve disorders. AAC ...

6. Valvular heart disease - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valvular_heart_disease

   In 70% of cases rheumatic heart disease involves only the mitral valve, while 25% of cases involve both the aortic and mitral valves. Involvement of other heart valves without damage to the mitral is exceedingly rare. [23] Mitral stenosis is almost always caused by rheumatic heart disease. [16]

7. Pericardial heart valves - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericardial_heart_valves

   1969 Carpentier and associates in Paris, France, advocate the use of glutaraldehyde for chemical treatment of porcine aortic valves. [78] 1971 Ionescu and others in Leeds, England, creates the first bovine pericardial heart valve and begins its implantation in humans. [79] 1980 Since the early 1980s several modified pericardial valves have been ...