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Chamomile may be used as a flavouring agent in foods and beverages, mouthwash, soaps, and cosmetics. [5] Chamomile tea is a herbal infusion made from dried flowers and hot water, and may improve sleep quality. [3] Two types of chamomile are used, namely German chamomile (Matricaria recutita) and Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile). [3]
The flowers bloom in early to midsummer and are fragrant. [5] The essential oil of the flowers gives them a characteristic smell and has interesting properties. The blue color of the oil, attributable to the chamazulene it contains, explains why the plant is also known by the common name blue chamomile. The fruit is a yellowish-brown achene. [5]
Matricaria is a genus of flowering plants in the chamomile tribe within the sunflower family. [3] [4] Some of the species have the common name of "mayweed", but this name also refers to plants not in this genus.
Joachim Camerarius was the first to discover and name chamaemelum nobile in 1598 in Rome. [10] In Egypt, chamaemelum nobile was used as a symbol of dedication to their gods. [24] The plant has diverse common names, among which Roman chamomile or sweet chamomile are used during the 21st century. [3]
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Most species of plant known as chamomile belong to genera of this tribe. As of 2006 there were about 1800 species classified in 111 genera . [ 2 ] In 2007 the tribe was divided into 14 subtribes, [ 2 ] including Glebionidinae , the source of hybrid garden marguerites .
Perhaps the best-known species is Roman chamomile, Chamaemelum nobile. These are annual or perennial herbs, rarely exceeding half a meter in height and usually bearing solitary white daisylike flowers with yellow centers. They are native to Europe but most species can be found scattered in other continents where they have been introduced.
Anacyclus pyrethrum, the pellitory, Spanish chamomile, Mount Atlas daisy, bertram, or Akarkara, is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. [4] It is native to Mediterranean Europe and parts of North Africa, but also naturalised in other parts of Europe, India and Pakistan. [ 5 ]