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Proton-pump inhibitors have largely superseded the H 2-receptor antagonists, a group of medications with similar effects but a different mode of action, and heavy use of antacids. [3] A potassium-competitive acid blocker (PCAB) revaprazan was marketed in Korea as an alternative to a PPI.
Cimetidine was the prototypical histamine H 2 receptor antagonist from which later drugs were developed. Cimetidine was the culmination of a project at Smith, Kline & French (SK&F; now GlaxoSmithKline) by James W. Black, C. Robin Ganellin, and others to develop a histamine receptor antagonist that would suppress stomach acid secretion.
The H 2 receptor antagonists are a class of drugs used to block the action of histamine on parietal cells in the stomach, decreasing the production of acid by these cells. H 2 antagonists are used in the treatment of dyspepsia, although they have been surpassed in popularity by the more effective [1] proton pump inhibitors.
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) block the gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase (H + /K + ATPase) and inhibit gastric acid secretion. These drugs have emerged as the treatment of choice for acid-related diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer disease. PPIs also can bind to other types of proton pumps such as those ...
Effectiveness is similar to other proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). [4] It is taken by mouth. [3] Common side effects include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea. [3] Serious side effects may include osteoporosis, low blood magnesium, Clostridioides difficile infection, anaphylaxis, and pneumonia. [3] Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is of ...
Like other PPIs, rabeprazole is absorbed into the blood stream at the site of the proximal small bowel. [55] Rabeprazole's mechanism of action involves crossing from the blood stream into the parietal cells of the stomach, which are the cells that are responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid (HCl). [11] At this point, rabeprazole is inactive ...
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Thyroid hormones, another early weight loss drug, also raised energy expenditure but ceased to be used for weight loss due to cardiac risks and other adverse effects. [18] Selective thyromimetics that work on the thyroid hormone receptor beta may be able to exert some of the beneficial thermogenic effects of thyroid hormones with fewer adverse ...
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