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Zirconium cladding rapidly reacts with water steam above 1,500 K (1,230 °C). [15] [16] Oxidation of zirconium by water is accompanied by release of hydrogen gas. This oxidation is accelerated at high temperatures, e.g. inside a reactor core if the fuel assemblies are no longer completely covered by liquid water and insufficiently cooled. [17]
Zirconium nitrate is a volatile anhydrous transition metal nitrate salt of zirconium with formula Zr(NO 3) 4. It has alternate names of zirconium tetranitrate , or zirconium(IV) nitrate . It has a UN number of UN 2728 [ 3 ] and is class 5.1, meaning oxidising substance.
Metallography allows the metallurgist to study the microstructure of metals. A micrograph of bronze revealing a cast dendritic structure Al-Si microstructure. Microstructure is the very small scale structure of a material, defined as the structure of a prepared surface of material as revealed by an optical microscope above 25× magnification. [1]
In alkaline solutions, species with 2, 3 and 4 peroxide groups are known; the last forms violet salts with the formula M 3 V(O 2) 4 nH 2 O (M= Li, Na, etc.), in which the vanadium has an 8-coordinate dodecahedral structure. [44] [45] Niobates are generated by dissolving the pentoxide in basic hydroxide solutions or by melting it in alkali metal ...
Spinodal decomposition is observed when mixtures of metals or polymers separate into two co-existing phases, each rich in one species and poor in the other. [2] When the two phases emerge in approximately equal proportion (each occupying about the same volume or area), characteristic intertwined structures are formed that gradually coarsen (see ...
Freeze-cast alumina that has been partially sintered. The freezing direction in the image is up. Freeze-casting, also frequently referred to as ice-templating, freeze casting, or freeze alignment, is a technique that exploits the highly anisotropic solidification behavior of a solvent (generally water) in a well-dispersed solution or slurry to controllably template directionally porous ...
Ideally, the melt rate stays constant throughout the process cycle, but monitoring and control of the vacuum arc remelting process is not simple. [5] This is because there is a complex heat transfer occurring involving conduction, radiation, convection within the liquid metal, and advection caused by the Lorentz force. Ensuring the consistency ...
Like titanium, solid zirconium dissolves hydrogen quite readily. The density of zirconium hydride varies based the hydrogen and ranges between 5.56 and 6.52 g cm −3. Even in the narrow range of concentrations which make up zirconium hydride, mixtures of hydrogen and zirconium can form a number of different structures, with very different ...