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In mathematics, the Riemann–Lebesgue lemma, named after Bernhard Riemann and Henri Lebesgue, states that the Fourier transform or Laplace transform of an L 1 function vanishes at infinity. It is of importance in harmonic analysis and asymptotic analysis .
Indeed, two Lebesgue-measurable functions may be constructed in such a way as to make their composition non-Lebesgue-measurable. The (pointwise) supremum, infimum, limit superior, and limit inferior of a sequence (viz., countably many) of real-valued measurable functions are all measurable as well. [1] [4]
The integral of a non-negative general measurable function is then defined as an appropriate supremum of approximations by simple functions, and the integral of a (not necessarily positive) measurable function is the difference of two integrals of non-negative measurable functions. [1]
The simplest example of a direct integral are the L 2 spaces associated to a (σ-finite) countably additive measure μ on a measurable space X. Somewhat more generally one can consider a separable Hilbert space H and the space of square-integrable H-valued functions (,).
Let f 1, f 2, . . . be a sequence of extended real-valued measurable functions defined on a measure space (S,Σ,μ). If there exists a non-negative integrable function g on S such that f n ≤ g for all n, then
If X = [a,b] ⊆ R and μ is Lebesgue measure, there are sequences (g n) of step functions and (h n) of continuous functions converging globally in measure to f. If f and f n (n ∈ N) are in L p (μ) for some p > 0 and (f n) converges to f in the p-norm, then (f n) converges to f globally in measure. The converse is false.
The problem is a differential equation of the form [()] + = for an unknown function y on an interval [a, b], satisfying general homogeneous Robin boundary conditions {() + ′ ′ = + ′ ′ =. The functions p, q, and w are given in advance, and the problem is to find the function y and constants λ for which the equation has a solution.
Neural oscillations, in particular theta activity, are extensively linked to memory function. Theta rhythms are very strong in rodent hippocampi and entorhinal cortex during learning and memory retrieval, and they are believed to be vital to the induction of long-term potentiation , a potential cellular mechanism for learning and memory.