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Dental plaque is a biofilm of microorganisms (mostly bacteria, but also fungi) that grows on surfaces within the mouth. It is a sticky colorless deposit at first, but ...
Plaque hypotheses are theories to explain the role of plaque bacteria in dental caries and in periodontal disease. They rely heavily on the postulates of Koch (formulated in 1884) and on the work of Louis Pasteur (1822–1895).
For the periodontal pocket to form, several elements need to be present. It all starts with the dental plaque [tone]. The invasion of the bacteria from the plaque eventually triggers inflammatory response. This in turn results in the gradual destruction of the tissues surrounding the teeth, known as the periodontium. [6]
Plaque and calculus deposits are a major etiological factor in the development and progression of oral disease. An important part of the scope of practice of a dental hygienist is the removal of plaque and calculus deposits. This is achieved through the use of specifically designed instruments for debridement of tooth surfaces.
The primary aetiological factor for periodontal disease is plaque biofilm of dental biofilm. A dental biofilm is a community of microorganisms attached to a hard, non-shedding surface. In the oral cavity, hard non-shedding surfaces include teeth, dental restorative materials and fixed or removable dental appliance such dentures. [15]
A periodontal pocket contains dental plaque, bacteria and subgingival calculus. [6] Periodontal pathogens continually find their way into the soft tissues, but normally they are held in check by the immune system. [7] A periodontal abscess represents a change in this balance, related to decreased local or systemic resistance of the host. [8]
Dental plaque: Although usually virtually invisible on the tooth surface, plaque may become stained by chromogenic bacteria such as Actinomyces species. [12] Calculus: Neglected plaque eventually calcifies, and leads to formation of a hard deposit on the teeth, especially around the gumline. The color of calculus varies, and may be grey, yellow ...
The principles of the chemo-parasitic theory were bolstered by the descriptions of bacterial plaque on tooth surfaces independently by GV Black and by JL Williams in 1898. The biomass of plaque helps localize acids at the tooth surface and prevent dilution by saliva. Miller thought that no single species of bacteria could cause caries.