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It is a graphical plot of nE° = −ΔG°/F as a function of the oxidation number for the different redox species of a given element. The Gibbs free energy Δ G ° is related to the reduction potential E ° by the formula: Δ G ° = − nFE ° or nE ° = −Δ G °/ F , where n is the number of transferred electrons, and F is the Faraday ...
Ewald summation, named after Paul Peter Ewald, is a method for computing long-range interactions (e.g. electrostatic interactions) in periodic systems.It was first developed as the method for calculating the electrostatic energies of ionic crystals, and is now commonly used for calculating long-range interactions in computational chemistry.
Wolfram Alpha: Wolfram Research: 2009 2013: Pro version: $4.99 / month, Pro version for students: $2.99 / month, ioRegular version: free Proprietary: Online computer algebra system with step-by step solutions. Xcas/Giac: Bernard Parisse 2000 2000 1.9.0-99: May 2024: Free GPL: General CAS, also adapted for the HP Prime. Compatible modes for ...
WolframAlpha (/ ˈ w ʊ l f. r əm-/ WUULf-rəm-) is an answer engine developed by Wolfram Research. [1] It is offered as an online service that answers factual queries by computing answers from externally sourced data.
Here is the conjugate transpose of V (or simply the transpose, if V contains real numbers only), and I denotes the identity matrix (of some dimension). Comment: The diagonal elements of D are called the singular values of A .
In linear algebra and numerical analysis, a preconditioner of a matrix is a matrix such that has a smaller condition number than . It is also common to call T = P − 1 {\displaystyle T=P^{-1}} the preconditioner, rather than P {\displaystyle P} , since P {\displaystyle P} itself is rarely explicitly available.
The number indicates the degree of oxidation of each element caused by molecular bonding. In ionic compounds, the oxidation numbers are the same as the element's ionic charge. Thus for KCl, potassium is assigned +1 and chlorine is assigned -1. [4] The complete set of rules for assigning oxidation numbers are discussed in the following sections.
In electrochemistry, the Nernst equation is a chemical thermodynamical relationship that permits the calculation of the reduction potential of a reaction (half-cell or full cell reaction) from the standard electrode potential, absolute temperature, the number of electrons involved in the redox reaction, and activities (often approximated by concentrations) of the chemical species undergoing ...