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Galena, also called lead glance, is the natural mineral form of lead(II) sulfide (PbS). It is the most important ore of lead and an important source of silver. [5]
Cinnabar (/ ˈ s ɪ n ə ˌ b ɑːr /; from Ancient Greek κιννάβαρι (kinnábari)), [7] or cinnabarite (/ ˌ s ɪ n ə ˈ b ɑːr aɪ t /), also known as mercurblende is the bright scarlet to brick-red form of mercury(II) sulfide (HgS).
Lead glance — Galena, which gave the group its name (Galenoides). Manganese glance — Alabandite. Mercury glance (German: merkurglanz) — Selenium metacinnabarite (selenium cinnabar). Molybden glance — Molybdenite. Nickel glance — Gersdorffite or Ullmannite. Tin-copper glance or Tin glance (German: zinnkupferglanz) — Stannite.
Galena PbS; Sphalerite ZnS; Chalcopyrite CuFeS 2; Pyrrhotite Fe 1–x S; Millerite NiS; Pentlandite (Fe,Ni) 9 S 8; Covellite CuS; Cinnabar HgS; Realgar AsS; Orpiment As 2 S 3; Stibnite Sb 2 S 3; Pyrite FeS 2; Marcasite FeS 2; Molybdenite MoS 2; Sulfarsenides: Cobaltite (Co,Fe)AsS; Arsenopyrite FeAsS; Gersdorffite NiAsS; Sulfosalts: Pyrargyrite ...
Cinnabar/vermilion – refers to several substances, among them: mercury(II) sulfide (HgS), or native vermilion (the common ore of mercury). Copper Glance – copper(I) sulfide ore. Cuprite – copper(I) oxide ore. Dutch White – a pigment, formed from one part of white lead to three of barium sulfate. BaSO 4
The ancient Egyptians created a remedy for burns by mixing the cheek and lip stain with red natron, northern salt, and honey. [9] The Ebers Papyrus, a collection of Egyptian medical recipes dating to circa 1550 BC, shows the usual galena pigment could also be combined with specific ingredients to create eye paints that were intended to treat eye infection. [10]
Cinnabar has a mean refractive index near 3.2, a hardness between 2.0 and 2.5, and a specific gravity of approximately 8.1. The color and properties derive from a structure that is a hexagonal crystalline lattice belonging to the trigonal crystal system , crystals that sometimes exhibit twinning .
The first official recognition of fluorspar in the area was recorded by geologist J.B. Jukes in 1843. He noted an occurrence of "galena" or lead ore and fluoride of lime on the west side of St. Lawrence harbour. It is recorded that interest in the commercial mining of fluorspar began in 1928 with the first ore being extracted in 1933.