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[19] [20] [21] In 1991, The Scripps group reported the first display and selection of human antibodies on phage. [22] This initial study described the rapid isolation of human antibody Fab that bound tetanus toxin and the method was then extended to rapidly clone human anti-HIV-1 antibodies for vaccine design and therapy.
For example, the library size for phage and bacterial display is limited to 1-10 × 10^9 different members. The library size for yeast display is even smaller. Moreover, these cell-based display system only allow the screening and enrichment of peptides/proteins containing natural amino acids.
Competing methods for protein evolution in vitro are phage display, ribosome display, yeast display, and mRNA display. Bacteriophage display is the most common type of display system used [1] although bacterial display is becoming increasingly popular as technical challenges are overcome. Bacterial display combined with FACS also has the ...
Assembled major coat protein, exploded view. The virion is a flexible filament (worm-like chain) about 6 nm in diameter and 900 nm long.Several thousand copies of a small (50 amino-acid residues) elongated alpha-helical major coat protein subunit (the product of gene 8, or p8) in an overlapping shingle-like array form a hollow cylinder enclosing the circular single-stranded DNA genome.
The article does seem to focus on filamentous phage display and accentuates the need for helper phage. This ignores methods based not on phagemids but on engineered M13 phage - the approach taken at the outset by Smith. Phil Scrutinator 17:44, 14 March 2008 (UTC) T7 phage display should be mentioned also.
Ribosome display is a technique used to perform in vitro protein evolution to create proteins that can bind to a desired ligand. The process results in translated proteins that are associated with their mRNA progenitor which is used, as a complex, to bind to an immobilized ligand in a selection step.
ΦX174 is regularly used as a positive control in DNA sequencing due to its relatively small genome size in comparison to other organisms, its relatively balanced nucleotide content — about 23% G, 22% C, 24% A, and 31% T, i.e., 45% G+C and 55% A+T, see the accession NC_001422.1 [10] for its 5,386 nucleotide long sequence.
Schematic drawing of an Enterobacteria phage T5 virion (cross section and side view) The T5 virion includes a 90 nanometer icosahedral capsid (head) and a 160 nanometer-long flexible, non-contractile tail. [3] [4] The capsid contains the phage's 121,750 base pair, double-stranded DNA genome which is predicted to encode about 162 proteins.