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During World War II, the Gran Sasso raid (codenamed Unternehmen Eiche, German pronunciation: [ʊntɐˌneːmən ˈaɪ̯çə] ⓘ, literally "Operation Oak", by the German military [1]) on 12 September 1943 was a successful operation by German paratroopers and Waffen-SS commandos to help the deposed Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini escape from custody in the Gran Sasso d'Italia massif.
In the opening moments of Sky’s new, eight-part biopic Mussolini: Son of the Century, we hear the man himself speak.“For 20 years you adored me and feared me, as a god. Then you madly hated me ...
Britain, in turn, hoped the Easter Accords would win Italy away from Germany. Count Galeazzo Ciano, Mussolini's son-in-law and foreign minister, summed up the dictator's objectives regarding France in his diary on 8 November 1938: Djibouti would be ruled jointly with France; Tunisia with a similar regime; and Corsica under Italian control. [137]
But later, when Mussolini became head of state, thousands of people claimed the honor of having participated in what was lauded as the founding meeting of Fascism and succeeded in obtaining, somehow, an official recognition of their status as Sansepolcrismo. [23] According to Mussolini, the meeting did not get the desired success. [20]
In a sense, as historian Stanley G. Payne explained, the “new mass Fascism” of the agrarian squadrists “had not been created by Mussolini,” but had instead “sprung up around him.” [18] As Mussolini proceeded to ensnare the mostly self-organizing militias under his fascist banner, his movement began to experience a fast-expanding ...
Fascism – its roots, legacy and contemporary manifestations – is a leitmotif running throughout the 79th Venice Film Festival as Italy marks the centenary of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini ...
After he was confined in Northern Italy as a puppet government for the Nazis in 1943, Mussolini promoted "socialization", under the Italian Social Republic. In early 1944, Mussolini's "socialization law" called for nationalization of industry that would pursue a policy where "workers were to participate in factory and business management." [77]
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