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This is because 2-chlorobutane possesses two different sets of β-hydrogens at the first and third carbons respectively, resulting in 1-butene or 2-butene. It is important to note that as a secondary alkyl halide, both E2 and Sn2 reactions are equally likely when reacting with a substance that can act as both a base and a nucleophile.
An example is the pair propanal H 3 C–CH 2 –C(=O)-H and acetone H 3 C–C(=O)–CH 3: the first has a –C(=O)H functional group, which makes it an aldehyde, whereas the second has a C–C(=O)–C group, that makes it a ketone. Another example is the pair ethanol H 3 C–CH 2 –OH (an alcohol) and dimethyl ether H 3 C–O–CH 2 H (an ether).
1,4-Dichlorobutane is a chloroalkane with the molecular formula (CH 2 CH 2 Cl) 2. It is one of several structural isomers of dichlorobutane. They are all colorless liquids of low flammabiltity and of interest for specialized synthetic uses.
Discounting isomers that are equivalent under rotations, there are nine isomers that differ by this criterion, and behave as different stable substances (two of them being enantiomers of each other). The most common one in nature ( myo -inositol) has the hydroxyls on carbons 1, 2, 3 and 5 on the same side of that plane, and can therefore be ...
For octahedral complexes of formula MX 4 Y 2, two isomers also exist. (Here M is a metal atom, and X and Y are two different types of ligands.) In the cis isomer, the two Y ligands are adjacent to each other at 90°, as is true for the two chlorine atoms shown in green in cis-[Co(NH 3) 4 Cl 2] +, at left.
Forsterite. In chemistry, isomorphism has meanings both at the level of crystallography and at a molecular level. In crystallography, crystals are isomorphous if they have identical symmetry and if the atomic positions can be described with a set of parameters (unit cell dimensions and fractional coordinates) whose numerical values differ only slightly.
Le Bel-van't Hoff rule states that for a structure with n asymmetric carbon atoms, there is a maximum of 2 n different stereoisomers possible. As an example, D-glucose is an aldohexose and has the formula C 6 H 12 O 6. Four of its six carbon atoms are stereogenic, which means D-glucose is one of 2 4 =16 possible stereoisomers. [20] [21]
Isotopomers or isotopic isomers are isomers which differ by isotopic substitution, and which have the same number of atoms of each isotope but in a different arrangement. For example, CH 3 OD and CH 2 DOH are two isotopomers of monodeuterated methanol. The molecules may be either structural isomers (constitutional isomers) or stereoisomers ...