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The human female cervix has been documented anatomically since at least the time of Hippocrates, over 2,000 years ago. The cervix is approximately 4 cm long with a diameter of approximately 3 cm and tends to be described as a cylindrical shape, although the front and back walls of the cervix are contiguous. [ 1 ]
The human uterus is pear-shaped and about 7.6 cm (3.0 in) long, 4.5 cm (1.8 in) broad (side to side), and 3.0 cm (1.2 in) thick. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] A typical adult uterus weighs about 60 grams. The uterus can be divided anatomically into four regions: the fundus – the uppermost rounded portion of the uterus above the openings of the fallopian tubes ...
The uterus or womb is the major female reproductive organ. The uterus provides mechanical protection, nutritional support, and waste removal for the developing embryo (weeks 1 to 8) and fetus (from week 9 until the delivery). In addition, contractions in the muscular wall of the uterus are important in pushing out the fetus at the time of birth.
The opening to the human vagina lies just below the urethral opening at the back of the vestibule. A 1996 study by Pendergrass et al. using vinyl polysiloxane castings taken from the vaginas of 39 Caucasian women, found the following ranges of dimensions: [3] lengths (measured using rods): 6.9 to 14.8 cm (2.7 to 5.8 in);
The greatest circumference of the head, which corresponds to the plane of the occipitofrontal diameter, averages 34.5 cm (13.6 in), a size too large to fit through the pelvis without flexion. The smallest circumference, corresponding to the plane of the suboccipitobregmatic diameter, is 32 cm (13 in).
In 2019, a woman living in Bangladesh with a double uterus gave birth to three babies — first, a baby from one uterus, and then, 26 days later, twins from her second uterus.
The fetus begins to lose the support of the cervix when contractions begin. With cervical dilation reaching 10 cm to accommodate the head of the fetus, the head moves from the uterus to the vagina. [82] [88] The elasticity of the vagina allows it to stretch to many times its normal diameter in order to deliver the child. [89]
Leonardo mistakenly depicted the cotyledons in the vascular walls of the human uterus that he had previously found in a cow uterus. [3] The other study, measuring 30.3×22 cm, shows female external genitalia , the supposed arrangement of abdominal muscles on the top right and fetus from different angles.