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Cyclopia (named after the Greek mythology characters cyclopes), also known as alobar holoprosencephaly, is the most extreme form of holoprosencephaly and is a congenital disorder (birth defect) characterized by the failure of the embryonic prosencephalon to properly divide the orbits of the eye into two cavities.
The baby only has one eye because his eye sockets did not form correctly in the womb. Doctors believe that the birth defect could be resultant of a combination of medicines that the mother took.
Waardenburg syndrome is a group of rare genetic conditions characterised by at least some degree of congenital hearing loss and pigmentation deficiencies, which can include bright blue eyes (or one blue eye and one brown eye), a white forelock or patches of light skin.
Microphthalmia (Greek: μικρός, mikros, 'small', ὀφθαλμός, ophthalmos, 'eye'), also referred as microphthalmos, is a developmental disorder of the eye in which one (unilateral microphthalmia) or both (bilateral microphthalmia) eyes are abnormally small and have anatomic malformations.
A coloboma (from the Greek κολόβωμα, meaning "defect") [1] is a hole in one of the structures of the eye, such as the iris, retina, choroid, or optic disc.The hole is present from birth and can be caused when a gap called the choroid fissure, which is present during early stages of prenatal development, fails to close up completely before a child is born.
The eye develops in utero during the first three months of pregnancy, and a gap called the choroidal fissure appears at the bottom of the stalks that eventually form the eye, the AAO explains.
The most severe form of holoprosencephaly, this includes formation of synophthalmia (a single central eye), proboscis, and severe impairment. [3] Semilobar Can present with severely decreased distance between eyes, a flat nasal bridge, eye defects, cleft lip and palate, and severe impairment. [3] Lobar
Eye abnormalities including cataracts, infantile glaucoma and retinopathy are common in infants born with CRS. [27] Infants should undergo eye examinations after birth and during early childhood. Those with congenital eye defects require care from a pediatric ophthalmologist for specialized care and follow up. [4]