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Traditional floor malting at Highland Park Distillery in Scotland. Malting is the process of steeping, germinating, and drying grain to convert it into malt.Germination and sprouting involve a number of enzymes to produce the changes from seed to seedling and the malt producer stops this stage of the process when the required enzymes are optimal.
Mashing allows the enzymes in the malt (primarily, α-amylase and β-amylase) to break down the starch in the grain into sugars, typically maltose to create a malty liquid called wort. [ 1 ] The two main methods of mashing are infusion mashing, in which the grains are heated in one vessel, and decoction mashing, in which a proportion of the ...
An example of the Burton Union system The Burton breweries were known for a recirculating fermentation system known as the Burton Union. Invented in the 1830s, the Union system is a row of wood casks connected to a common trough by way of a series of pipes.
For example, in beer-making, a simple pale ale might contain a single malted grain, while a complex porter may contain a dozen or more ingredients. In whisky production, Bourbon uses a mash made primarily from maize (often mixed with rye or wheat and a small amount of malted barley ), and single malt Scotch exclusively uses malted barley.
In the United States, the term "malt beverage" may be used by trade associations of groups of beer wholesalers (e.g. Tennessee Malt Beverages Association) for the sake of a professional image by using brewing craft related terms, for political or legal reasons, or to avoid potential negative connotations that may be associated with beer in a region.
This definition distinguishes fermentation from aerobic respiration, where oxygen is the acceptor and types of anaerobic respiration, where an inorganic species is the acceptor. [citation needed] Fermentation had been defined differently in the past. In 1876, Louis Pasteur described it as "la vie sans air" (life without air). [7]
Grapes being trodden to extract the juice and made into wine in storage jars. Tomb of Nakht, 18th dynasty, Thebes, Ancient Egypt. Sourdough starter. In food processing, fermentation is the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms—yeasts or bacteria—without an oxidizing agent being used in the reaction.
Primary fermentation in homebrewing takes place in large glass or plastic carboys or food-grade plastic buckets, nearly always sealed. [60] When sealed, the fermenter is stoppered with a fermentation lock , which allows the carbon dioxide gas produced to vent, while preventing other gasses and particles from entering.