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Hyponatremia or hyponatraemia is a low concentration of sodium in the blood. [4] It is generally defined as a sodium concentration of less than 135 mmol/L (135 mEq/L), with severe hyponatremia being below 120 mEq/L. [3] [8] Symptoms can be absent, mild or severe.
Normal serum sodium levels are between approximately 135 and 145 mEq/L (135 to 145 mmol/L). A serum sodium level of less than 135 mEq/L qualifies as hyponatremia, which is considered severe when the serum sodium level is below 125 mEq/L. [14] [15]
Hypernatremia is generally defined as a serum sodium level of more than 145 mmol/L. [3] Severe symptoms typically only occur when levels are above 160 mmol/L. [1] Hypernatremia is typically classified by a person's fluid status into low volume, normal volume, and high volume. [1]
or 1.1 mmol/L [63] 0.61 [64] 1.2 [64] mmol/L 40–59 years: 70 [23] 150 [23] mg/dL 0.77 [64] 1.7 [64] mmol/L > 60 years: 80 [23] 150 [23] mg/dL 0.9 [64] 1.7 [64] mmol/L Total cholesterol: 3.0, [65] 3.6 [14] [65] 5.0, [5] [66] 6.5 [14] mmol/L < 3.9 mmol/L [63] 120, [15] 140 [14] 200, [15] 250 [14] mg/dL < 150 mg/dL [63] HDL cholesterol: Female ...
Reference ranges for ions and metals in CSF [1] Substance Lower limit Upper limit Unit Corresponds to % of that in plasma [clarification needed] Osmolality: 280 [1] 300 [1] mmol/L Sodium: 135 [1] 150 [1] mmol/L Potassium: 2.6 [1] 3.0 [1] mmol/L Chloride: 115 [1] 130 [1] mmol/L >100% [1] Calcium: 1.00 [1] 1.40 [1] mmol/L ~50% [1] Magnesium: 1.2 ...
Death results by the swelling of the brain against the skull. (Normal serum sodium levels are 135–145 mEq/liter (135–145 mmol/L). Severe symptoms typically only occur when levels are above 160 mEq/L.) The human renal system actively regulates sodium chloride in the blood within a very narrow range around 9 g/L (0.9% by weight). [citation ...
A normal range is 0.70 - 1.10 mmol/L. [23] ... An individual is considered to be having high sodium at levels above 145 mEq/L of sodium.
Calculated osmolarity = 2 Na + Glucose + Urea (all in mmol/L) As Na+ is the major extracellular cation, the sum of osmolarity of all other anions can be assumed to be equal to natremia, hence [Na+]x2 ≈ [Na+] + [anions] To calculate plasma osmolality use the following equation (typical in the US): = 2[Na +