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Clark's rule is a medical term referring to a mathematical formula used to calculate the proper dosage of medicine for children aged 2–17 based on the weight of the patient and the appropriate adult dose. [1] The formula was named after Cecil Belfield Clarke (1894–1970), a Barbadian physician who practiced throughout the UK, the West Indies ...
For example, if the desired total daily amount is 600 mg per day, they may decide a dosage plan that has one 200 mg dose taken three times a day, or one 300 mg dose taken twice a day, or a single 600 mg dose take once a day.
All things are poison, and nothing is without poison; the dosage alone makes it so a thing is not a poison. —Paracelsus, 1538 [ 1 ] " The dose makes the poison " ( Latin : dosis sola facit venenum 'only the dose makes the poison') is an adage intended to indicate a basic principle of toxicology .
The effects can include those manifested within animals (including humans), microorganisms, or combinations of organisms (for example, infection). Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics are the main branches of pharmacology , being itself a topic of biology interested in the study of the interactions of both endogenous and exogenous chemical ...
For example, to cause gastrointestinal disorders, the food must contain more than 100,000 Salmonella per gram or 1000 per gram for salmonellosis. [ 1 ] however, some viruses like DHBV( duck hepatitis B virus) need as low as 9.5 x 10(9) virus per milliliters to cause liver infections [ 2 ] .To know the dose ingested, it is also necessary to know ...
The phrase dose equivalent is only used for which use Q for calculation, and the following are defined as such by the ICRU and ICRP: ambient dose equivalent; directional dose equivalent; personal dose equivalent; In the US there are further differently named dose quantities which are not part of the ICRP system of quantities. [16]
Absorbed dose is a dose quantity which is the measure of the energy deposited in matter by ionizing radiation per unit mass.Absorbed dose is used in the calculation of dose uptake in living tissue in both radiation protection (reduction of harmful effects), and radiology (potential beneficial effects, for example in cancer treatment).
For an example, one might consider the hypothetical drug foosporin. Suppose it has a long lifetime in the body, and only ten percent of it is cleared from the blood each day by the liver and kidneys. Suppose also that the drug works best when the total amount in the body is exactly one gram.