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"A negative norm of reciprocity represents the means by which individuals act against unfavourable treatments, and functions to keep balance in social systems". [6] In contrast to the positive reciprocity norm, the negative reciprocity norm emphasizes the return of unfavourable treatment as an appropriate response to a misdeed.
Reciprocity is not only a strong determining factor of human behavior; it is a powerful method for gaining one's compliance with a request. The rule of reciprocity has the power to trigger feelings of indebtedness even when faced with an uninvited favor [16] irrespective of liking the person who executed the favor. [17]
The social norm of reciprocity is the expectation that people will respond to each other in similar ways—responding to gifts and kindnesses from others with similar benevolence of their own, and responding to harmful, hurtful acts from others with either indifference or some form of retaliation.
The concept of reciprocity also derives from this pattern. The reciprocity principle refers to the mutual reinforcement by two parties of each other's actions. [13] [page needed] The process begins when at least one participant makes a "move", and if the other reciprocates, new rounds of exchange initiate. Once the process is in motion, each ...
The economic model of reciprocal altruism includes direct reciprocity and indirect reciprocity. Direct reciprocity is an immediate collaborative exchange that benefits everyone. Direct reciprocity was introduced by Robert Trivers [2] as a mechanism for the evolution of cooperation. The direct reciprocal is typically one-for-one: I incur the ...
By complying with others' requests and abiding by norms of social exchange (i.e., the norm of reciprocity), individuals adhere to normative social influence and attain the goal of affiliation. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] An example of both normative and informational social influence is the Solomon Asch line experiments .
Reciprocity selection suggests that one's altruistic act may evolve from the anticipation of future reciprocal altruistic behavior from others. [11] An application of reciprocity selection in game theory is the Tit-For-Tat strategy in prisoner's dilemma , which is the strategy that the player cooperate at the initial encounter, and then follow ...
Hence one finds generalized reciprocity within the household-kinship group, balanced reciprocity within a spatial community, and negative reciprocity with outsiders (i.e. outside the community). This kind of reciprocity reflects the moral nature of the social relationship, hence morality is not universal, but dependent on social distance.