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According to USCB, the first generation of immigrants is composed of individuals who are foreign-born, which includes naturalized citizens, lawful permanent residents, protracted temporary residents (such as long-staying foreign students and migrant workers, but not tourists and family visitors), humanitarian migrants (such as refugees and asylees), and even unauthorized migrants.
Italian immigration to the United Kingdom became notable around the time of World War I and picked up in intensity for a period after World War II before slowing in the 1960s. (See: Italians in the United Kingdom, Italian Scots, Italian Welsh). With Germany's post-World War II economic boom, a large wave of immigrants from Italy settled in Germany.
Research with Filipino Americans has demonstrated that first-generation immigrants had lower levels of depressive symptoms than subsequent, US-born generations. [19] First-generation Mexican immigrants to the United States were found to have lower incidences of mood disorders and substance use than their bicultural or subsequent generation counterparts.
Chinese immigration to the United States first emerged in the mid-19th century, largely in the Western United States, brought on by domestic political and economic instability. [4] As of 2004, over four million ethnic Chinese citizens were living in Canada and the United States, comprising the largest and third largest minority groups ...
Between 1970 and 2007, the number of first-generation immigrants living in the United States quadrupled from 9.6 million to 38.1 million residents. [9] [10] Census estimates show 45.3 million foreign born residents in the United States as of March 2018 and 45.4 million in September 2021, the lowest three-year increase in decades. [11]
In 1965, Filipino immigration to the United States rose again, due to the Immigration and Nationality Act, which removed national origin quotas. [9] This marked the end of the manong generation, as a new generation of Filipino emigrants were able to move to the United States and form families, without the previous legal restrictions. [1]
For example, since the 1980s and 1990s, the American economy has favored workers who have valuable skills to offer. If immigrants to the United States, for example, have valuable skills to offer, they may "increase the chances of economic success in the United States, such as the language and culture of the American workplace". [20]
After World War II and the Chinese Civil War, immigrants from Taiwan first began to arrive in the United States, where Taiwanese immigration was shaped by the Hart-Celler Act (1965) and the Taiwan Relations Act (1979). [7] As of the 2010 U.S. Census, 49% of Taiwanese Americans lived in either California, New York, or Texas. [8]