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Neural Polar Decoders (NPDs) [14] are an advancement in channel coding that combine neural networks (NNs) with polar codes, providing unified decoding for channels with or without memory, without requiring an explicit channel model. They use four neural networks to approximate the functions of polar decoding: the embedding (E) NN, the check ...
Arıkan developed polar codes, a system of coding that provides a mathematical basis for the solution of Shannon's channel capacity problem. [5] He presented a three-session lecture on the polar codes at Simons Institute 's Information Theory Boot Camp at the University of California, Berkeley .
Each transmitted code word in a constant-weight code is designed such that every code word that contains some positive or negative levels also contains enough of the opposite levels, such that the average level over each code word is zero. Examples of constant-weight codes include Manchester code and Interleaved 2 of 5. Use a paired disparity ...
LDPC codes functionally are defined by a sparse parity-check matrix. This sparse matrix is often randomly generated, subject to the sparsity constraints—LDPC code construction is discussed later. These codes were first designed by Robert Gallager in 1960. [5] Below is a graph fragment of an example LDPC code using Forney's factor graph notation.
The code RM(r, m) is a [,,]-code, that is, it is a linear code over a binary alphabet, has block length, message length (or dimension) k, and minimum distance. 0 1
Polar code (coding theory), a capacity-achieving error-correcting code Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Polar code .
NANDA International (formerly the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association) is a professional organization of nurses interested in standardized nursing terminology, that was officially founded in 1982 and develops, researches, disseminates and refines the nomenclature, criteria, and taxonomy of nursing diagnosis. In 2002, NANDA became NANDA ...
This includes regulatory codes that are intended to control behaviour and the use of some signifying codes. The human body is a means of using presentational codes through facial expressions, gestures, and dress. So words spoken may change their connotation to unacceptable if accompanied by inappropriate nonverbal signs.