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A longitudinal study (or longitudinal survey, or panel study) is a research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables (e.g., people) over long periods of time (i.e., uses longitudinal data). It is often a type of observational study, although it can also be structured as longitudinal randomized experiment. [1]
It is the first in an ongoing series of longitudinal studies designed to offer policymakers and researchers data related to high school educational experiences in the United States. NLS–72's design is a nationally representative, random sample of the three million American high school seniors enrolled in the spring of 1972. [1]
A popular repeated-measures design is the crossover study. A crossover study is a longitudinal study in which subjects receive a sequence of different treatments (or exposures). While crossover studies can be observational studies, many important crossover studies are controlled experiments.
These designs compare two or more groups on one or more variable, such as the effect of gender on grades. The third type of non-experimental research is a longitudinal design. A longitudinal design examines variables such as performance exhibited by a group or groups over time (see Longitudinal study).
The study is funded by the Economic and Social Research Council, a consortium of UK Government departments and the British Academy. Understanding Society is led by the Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER) [2] at the University of Essex. As a panel survey, Understanding Society is a form of longitudinal study. The survey consists of ...
Scholars in psychology, economics, anthropology, demography, communication, political science, learning sciences, organizational studies, and especially sociology have been using sequence methods ever since. In sociology, sequence techniques are most commonly employed in studies of patterns of life-course development, cycles, and life histories.
The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), the newest survey in the NLS program, is a sample of 8,984 young men and women born during the years 1980 through 1984 and living in the United States when first interviewed. Survey respondents were ages 12 to 17 when first interviewed in 1997.
A diary study offers the advantage over a traditional survey study in that it allows for the collection of data on a daily basis or even multiple times a day. In contrast, a survey study typically gathers data at a single point in time, or in the case of a longitudinal study, with time lags spanning months or years. [16]