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Some eruptions cooled the global climate—inducing a volcanic winter—depending on the amount of sulfur dioxide emitted and the magnitude of the eruption. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Before the present Holocene epoch, the criteria are less strict because of scarce data availability, partly since later eruptions have destroyed the evidence.
An eruption on 16 March injured 10 people, including a BBC News television crew, after magma exploded upon contact with snow. [97] [98] 3 Mount Ontake [99] Japan 2014 63 A phreatic eruption and pyroclastic flow occurred without warning, killing 63 people. Deadliest eruption in Japan since 1902, first volcano-related deaths in Japan since 1991. 2
1656–1715 Maunder Minimum low sunspot activity; 1790–1830 Dalton Minimum low sunspot activity, cold; 1816 Year Without a Summer, caused by volcanic dust of Mount Tambora eruption; 1850–present Retreat of glaciers since 1850, instrumental temperature record; Present and recent past global warming, perhaps to be named the Anthropocene period
According to the U.S. Geological Survey, there are around 1,350 potentially active volcanoes around the world outside of the continuous range of volcanoes as part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In the ...
Unknown; may include climate changes, massive volcanic eruptions and Humans (largely by human overhunting) [4] [5] [6] Neogene: Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary extinction: 2 Ma: Possible causes include a supernova [7] [8] or the Eltanin impact [9] [10] Middle Miocene disruption: 14.5 Ma Climate change due to change of ocean circulation patterns.
A volcanic eruption is essentially the only natural way for short-lived – less than a few years – gases like sulfur dioxide and water vapor to make it into the stratosphere.
He suggests that changes in the concentration of these gases could bring climate change. [20] 1883 Eruption of Krakatoa in Indonesia. The sound of the explosion is heard as far as Australia and China, the altered air waves causes strange colours on the sky and the volcanic gases reduce global temperatures during the following years.
A.D. 79: Mount Vesuvius, Italy. Mount Vesuvius has erupted eight times in the last 17,000 years, most recently in 1944, but the big one was in A.D. 17. One of the most violent eruptions in history ...