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These four muscles have different actions, but in general assist in elevating the hyoid bone and widening the esophagus during swallowing.When the two bellies of the digastric contract, they pull upward on the hyoid bone; but if the hyoid is fixed from below, the digastric assists in extreme opening of the mouth such as yawning or taking a large bite of an apple. [1]
The body of the hyoid bone is the central part of the hyoid bone. [clarification needed]At the front, the body is convex and directed forward and upward. It is crossed in its upper half by a well-marked transverse ridge with a slight downward convexity, and in many cases a vertical median ridge divides it into two lateral halves.
the mylohyoid muscle superiorly; the investing layer of deep cervical fascia (and this in turn is covered by the platysma muscle) inferiorly; the inferior border of the mandible anteriorly; the hyoid bone posteriorly; the anterior bellies of the digastric muscles laterally.
The stylohyoid muscle is one of the suprahyoid muscles. [1] Its originates from the styloid process of the temporal bone; it inserts onto hyoid bone. It is innervated by a branch of the facial nerve. It acts draw the hyoid bone upwards and backwards.
The digastric muscle (also digastricus) (named digastric as it has two 'bellies') is a bilaterally paired suprahyoid muscle located under the jaw.Its posterior belly is attached to the mastoid notch of temporal bone, and its anterior belly is attached to the digastric fossa of mandible; the two bellies are united by an intermediate tendon which is held in a loop that attaches to the hyoid bone.
On the lateral side of the vessels, the accessory nerve runs for a short distance before it pierces the Sternocleidomastoideus; and on the medial side of the external carotid, just below the hyoid bone, the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve may be seen; and, still more inferiorly, the external branch of the same nerve.
It attaches at the lesser horn of hyoid bone [1] [2] inferiorly, [citation needed] and (the apex of [1]) the styloid process of the temporal bone [1] [2] superiorly. [citation needed] The ligament gives attachment to the superior-most fibres of the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle. [1]
The infrahyoid muscles, or strap muscles, are a group of four pairs of muscles in the anterior (frontal) part of the neck. [1] The four infrahyoid muscles are the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and omohyoid muscles. [1] Excluding the sternothyroid, the infrahyoid muscles either originate from or insert on to the hyoid bone. [2]