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Information and communications technology (ICT) is an extensional term for information technology (IT) that stresses the role of unified communications [1] and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals) and computers, as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage and audiovisual, that enable users to access, store, transmit, understand and ...
Recent changes in ICT use globally have damaged the environment (in terms of waste and energy consumption etc.) but also have the potential to support environmental sustainability activities, [2] such as the targets set within the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) number 7 (MDG7) to "ensure environmental sustainability". [3]
However, this increase requires business and technology management to work as a creative, synergistic, and collaborative team instead of a purely mechanistic span of control. [3] Historically, one set of resources was dedicated to one particular computing technology, business application or line of business, and managed in a silo-like fashion. [4]
When organizations go online, they have to decide which e-business models best suit their goals. [11] A business model is defined as the organization of product, service and information flows, and the source of revenues and benefits for suppliers and customers. The concept of the e-business model is the same but used in online presence.
Companies have also sought to integrate IT with business outcomes and decision-making through a BizOps or business operations department. [ 54 ] In a business context, the Information Technology Association of America has defined information technology as "the study, design, development, application, implementation, support, or management of ...
The "bare necessities of life – water, electricity, roads, education and a right to self-determination so that we can be responsible for our resources and our environment" [6] must be respected. Technology such as computers is considered by some to be important in obtaining such self-determination for Africa especially in the area of education.
The benefits perceived by M4D initiatives include their "ability to mobilize and aggregate information and data more effectively and to a wider audience" as well as their time-saving qualities in the fields of social justice, environmental conservation, global health and humanitarian assistance.
Some useful resources for learning about e-agriculture in practice are the World Bank's e-sourcebook ICT in agriculture – connecting smallholder farmers to knowledge, networks and institutions (2011), [2] ICT uses for inclusive value chains (2013), [3] ICT uses for inclusive value chains (2013) [4] and Success stories on information and ...