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  2. Null pointer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_pointer

    In computing, a null pointer or null reference is a value saved for indicating that the pointer or reference does not refer to a valid object. Programs routinely use null pointers to represent conditions such as the end of a list of unknown length or the failure to perform some action; this use of null pointers can be compared to nullable types ...

  3. Segmentation fault - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segmentation_fault

    Determining the root cause – debugging the bug – can be simple in some cases, where the program will consistently cause a segmentation fault (e.g., dereferencing a null pointer), while in other cases the bug can be difficult to reproduce and depend on memory allocation on each run (e.g., dereferencing a dangling pointer).

  4. Fault tolerance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault_tolerance

    In fault-tolerant computer systems, programs that are considered robust are designed to continue operation despite an error, exception, or invalid input, instead of crashing completely. Software brittleness is the opposite of robustness. Resilient networks continue to transmit data despite the failure of some links or nodes.

  5. Void safety - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Void_safety

    Void safety (also known as null safety) is a guarantee within an object-oriented programming language that no object references will have null or void values. In object-oriented languages, access to objects is achieved through references (or, equivalently, pointers ).

  6. Selenium (software) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium_(software)

    Selenium Remote Control was a refactoring of Driven Selenium or Selenium B designed by Paul Hammant, credited with Jason as co-creator of Selenium. The original version directly launched a process for the browser in question, from the test language of Java, .NET, Python or Ruby.

  7. Floating-point error mitigation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating-point_error...

    Variable length arithmetic represents numbers as a string of digits of a variable's length limited only by the memory available. Variable-length arithmetic operations are considerably slower than fixed-length format floating-point instructions.

  8. Null cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_cipher

    In classical cryptography, a null is an extra character intended to confuse the cryptanalyst.In the most common form of a null cipher, the plaintext is included within the ciphertext and one needs to discard certain characters in order to decrypt the message (such as first letter, last letter, third letter of every second word, etc.) [1] Most characters in such a cryptogram are nulls, only ...

  9. x86 calling conventions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_calling_conventions

    To pass "in memory", the caller allocates memory and passes a pointer to it as a hidden first parameter; the callee populates the memory and returns the pointer, popping the hidden pointer when returning. [2] In Linux, GCC sets the de facto standard for calling conventions. Since GCC version 4.5, the stack must be aligned to a 16-byte boundary ...