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Telecommunication systems strive to increase the ratio of signal level to noise level in order to effectively transfer data. Noise in telecommunication systems is a product of both internal and external sources to the system. Noise is a random process, characterized by stochastic properties such as its variance, distribution, and spectral density.
Industrial noise control is a subset of interior architectural control of noise, with emphasis on specific methods of sound isolation from industrial machinery and for protection of workers at their task stations. Sound masking is the active addition of noise to reduce the annoyance of certain sounds, the opposite of soundproofing.
If electrons flow across a barrier, then they have discrete arrival times. Those discrete arrivals exhibit shot noise. The output noise level of a shot noise generator is easily set by the DC bias current. Typically, the barrier in a diode is used. [4] Different noise generator circuits use different methods of setting the DC bias current.
Dynamic noise limiter (DNL) is an audio noise reduction system originally introduced by Philips in 1971 for use on cassette decks. [10] Its circuitry is also based on a single chip. [22] [23] It was further developed into dynamic noise reduction (DNR) by National Semiconductor to reduce noise levels on long-distance telephony. [24]
If the environmental noise level as measured by the microphone exceeds a pre-set level for a certain amount of time (e.g. 5 seconds), the limiter’s circuitry will cut the power supply to the musical equipment and PA system requiring the venue's staff to reset the system.
Electronic noise control: Electronics, sensors, and computers are also employed to cancel noise by using phase cancellation which matches the sound amplitude with a wave of the opposite polarity. This method employs the use of an active sound generating device, such as a loudspeaker to counteract ambient noise in an area.
When sound levels reach a high enough intensity, the sound, whether it is wanted or unwanted, may be damaging to hearing. [3] Environmental noise monitoring is the measurement of noise in an outdoor environment caused by transport (e.g. motor vehicles, aircraft, and trains), industry (e.g. machines) and recreational activities (e.g. music).
The widespread availability of electronic devices capable of generating significant noise levels led sports leagues to regulate artificial noise. The aim was to maintain a balance between fan enthusiasm and the integrity of the game. Regulations were introduced to limit the use of electronic devices, horns, bells, and other noisemakers.
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