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Pentafluorophenol is the organofluorine compound (specifically a fluoroalcohol) with the formula C 6 F 5 OH. This is the perfluorinated analogue of phenol. It is a white solid that melts just above room temperature, and smells of phenol. With a pK a of 5.5, it is one of the most acidic phenols.
2-Fluoroethanol was originally synthesized by treating 2-chloroethanol with potassium fluoride, in a simple Finkelstein reaction. [5] The product has a lower boiling point that the starting material and may be conveniently isolated by distillation.
Nonafluoro-tert-butyl alcohol (IUPAC name: 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)propan-2-ol) is a fluoroalcohol. It is the perfluorinated analog of tert-butyl alcohol. Notably, as a consequence of its electron withdrawing fluorine substituents, it is very acidic for an alcohol, with a pK a value of 5.4, similar to that of a carboxylic acid.
Hexafluoro-propan-2-ol is a speciality solvent for organic synthesis, particularly for reactions involving oxidations and strong electrophiles. For example, HFIP enhances the reactivity of hydrogen peroxide as applied to Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclic ketones. [ 1 ]
The synthesis of fluorotelomer alcohols requires a varying number of tetrafluoroethylene monomers that form an oligomer with a pentafluoroethyl iodide telogen. The fluorinated iodide then undergoes an addition with ethylene to form an organoiodine compound with increased synthesis possibilities. [1]
The Haworth synthesis is a classic method for the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In this reaction, an arene is reacted with succinic anhydride, the subsequent product is then reduced in either a Clemmensen reduction or a Wolff-Kishner reduction. Lastly, a second Friedel-Crafts acylation takes place with addition of acid.
In organic chemistry, the Arndt–Eistert reaction is the conversion of a carboxylic acid to its homologue.It is named for the German chemists Fritz Arndt (1885–1969) and Bernd Eistert (1902–1978).