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  2. Superplasticizer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superplasticizer

    Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer; Polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE), the third generation of high-performance superplasticizer, [9] follows the development of ordinary plasticizers and superplasticizers. It significantly reduces water content while enhancing concrete's workability, strength, and durability.

  3. Polycarboxylates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycarboxylates

    Structure of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate, a low molecular weight polycarboxylate. Polycarboxylates are organic compounds with several carboxylic acid groups. Butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylate is one example. Often, polycarboxylate refers to linear polymers with a high molecular mass (M r ≤ 100 000) and with many carboxylate groups.

  4. Plasticizer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticizer

    Polycarboxylate ether superplasticizer (PCE) or just polycarboxylate (PC), work differently from sulfonate-based superplasticizers, giving cement dispersion by steric stabilisation. This form of dispersion is more powerful in its effect and gives improved workability retention to the cementitious mix.

  5. Water reducer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_reducer

    These inexpensive products were derived from wood and paper industry, but are now advantageously replaced by other synthetic sulfonate and polycarboxylate, also known as superplasticizers. Water reducers offer several advantages in their use, listed below: reduces the water content by 5-10%; decreases the concrete porosity

  6. List of UN numbers 1201 to 1300 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_UN_numbers_1201_to...

    n.o.s. = not otherwise specified meaning a collective entry to which substances, mixtures, solutions or articles may be assigned if a) they are not mentioned by name in 3.2 Dangerous Goods List AND b) they exhibit chemical, physical and/or dangerous properties corresponding to the Class, classification code, packing group and the name and description of the n.o.s. entry [4]

  7. Calgon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgon

    It gave rise to derivative products which have diverged from the original composition. Today, Calgon water softener contains the active ingredient sodium citrate, [2] and the now discontinued powder used zeolite and polycarboxylate, all of which are less problematic in wastewater treatment than phosphates.

  8. Superabsorbent polymer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superabsorbent_polymer

    A superabsorbent polymer (SAP) (also called slush powder) is a water-absorbing hydrophilic homopolymers or copolymers [1] that can absorb and retain extremely large amounts of a liquid relative to its own mass.

  9. Polyacrylic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyacrylic_acid

    Polyacrylic acid is a weak anionic polyelectrolyte, whose degree of ionisation is dependent on solution pH. In its non-ionised form at low pHs, PAA may associate with various non-ionic polymers (such as polyethylene oxide, poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, and some cellulose ethers) and form hydrogen-bonded interpolymer complexes. [17]