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In nuclear physics, atomic physics, and nuclear chemistry, the nuclear shell model utilizes the Pauli exclusion principle to model the structure of atomic nuclei in terms of energy levels. [1] The first shell model was proposed by Dmitri Ivanenko (together with E. Gapon) in 1932.
The simplest of the single particle models is the nuclear shell model. It is based on the observation that the nuclear mass formula, which describes the nuclear masses quite well on average, fails for certain “magic numbers”, i.e., for neutron number \(N=20,28,50,82,126\) and proton number \(Z=20,28,50,82\), as shown previously.
Shell nuclear model, description of nuclei of atoms by analogy with the Bohr atomic model of electron energy levels. It was developed independently in the late 1940s by the American physicist Maria Goeppert Mayer and the German physicist J. Hans D. Jensen, who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in.
In the nuclear shell model, each nucleon moves in a central potential well created by other nucleons, just as the electrons orbit a potential well created by the nucleus in the atomic shell model. The orbits form a series of shells of increasing energy.
Nuclear Potential and the Shell Model. The shell model of the nucleus presumes that a given nucleon moves in an effective attractive potential formed by all the other nucleons. If that is true, then the potential is probably roughly proportional to the nuclear density and therefore could be expressed in the form.
One of the most successful and simple to understand is the shell model. In this model the protons and neutrons occupy separate systems of shells, analogous to the shells in which electrons are found outside the nucleus.
Description: Introduction to the nuclear shell model and magic numbers. (06:31) Instructor: Prof. Markus Klute
The Shell Model is used to determine the spin and parity of nuclear ground states wherever possible and to make estimates of their magnetic dipole moments.
The gap between the complexity and the simplicity/beauty can be filled by the shell model, the nuclear physics terminology of configuration Interaction (CI) approach. This article presents basic ideas and formulations of the shell model, up to recent developments.
The shell model describes each particle in a many-body system by a separate single-particle wave function. The potential which determines this wave function is that generated by the average motion of all of the other particles, and so depends on their single-particle wave functions.