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Soy lecithin for sale at a grocery store in Uruguay. Lecithins have emulsification and lubricant properties, and are a surfactant. They can be completely metabolized (see inositol) by humans, so are well tolerated by humans and nontoxic when ingested. The major components of commercial soybean-derived lecithin are: [13] 33–35% soybean oil
Lecithin can be “extracted, and it can also be created synthetically, but the soy lecithin is coming directly from soybeans. As an additive, soy lecithin is an emulsifier that “helps bind ...
Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (E471) are a naturally occurring class of food additive composed of diglycerides and monoglycerides used as an emulsifier in foods such as infant formula, fresh pasta, jams and jellies, chocolate, creams, baked goods, and more. [1] It is also used as a fruit coating agent.
Polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR), E476, is an emulsifier made from glycerol and fatty acids (usually from castor bean, but also from soybean oil).In chocolate, compound chocolate and similar coatings, PGPR is mainly used with another substance like lecithin [2] to reduce viscosity.
Hydroxylated lecithin is chemically modified lecithin. It is made by treating lecithin with hydrogen peroxide and an organic acid such as acetic or lactic acid. [1] In the process, some of the organic acid becomes peroxy acid. The peroxy acid reacts with olefins in the fatty acid side chains creating intermediate epoxides.
An emulsifier is a substance that stabilizes an emulsion by reducing the oil-water interface tension. Emulsifiers are a part of a broader group of compounds known as surfactants , or "surface-active agents". [ 21 ]
To be labeled as SSL for sale within the United States, the product must conform to the specifications detailed in 21 CFR 172.846 [9] and the “Food Chemicals Codex,” 3d Ed. (1981), pp. 300-301. In the EU, the product must conform to the specifications detailed in Regulation (EC) No 96/77. [15]
Egg lecithin is usually extracted chemically using ethanol, acetone, petroleum ether but not benzene or hexane due to restrictions on residual solvents by the pharmaceutical regulations. [2] It is an emulsifier, especially for parenteral use since it does not need to be metabolized.