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A German explosive-controlled boat attack on minesweepers sweeping channels to the port was broken up, and eight were sunk. [9] The main German resistance centred on the old fort of St Nicolas. French artillery opened up on the fort and after two days it was clear that resistance was futile and the Marseille garrison surrendered on 27 August.
The Marseille roundup was the systematic deportation of the Jews of Marseille in the Old Port between 22 and 24 January 1943 under the Vichy regime during the German occupation of France. Assisted by the French police , directed by René Bousquet , the Germans organized a raid to arrest Jews.
1940 - Bombing by German and Italian forces. 1941 - Combat (French Resistance) active. [35] 1942 - November: German occupation begins. 1943 - Old Port area evacuated and demolished. [36] 1944 Bombing by Allied forces. August: Battle of Marseille; German occupation ends. La Marseillaise newspaper in publication. Gaston Defferre becomes mayor. 1946
Over the course of the 18th century, the port's defences were improved [30] and Marseille became more important as France's leading military port in the Mediterranean. In 1720, the last Great Plague of Marseille , a form of the Black Death , killed 100,000 people in the city and the surrounding provinces. [ 31 ]
France had lots of armed forces in World War II, in part due to the German occupation. In 1940, General Maurice Gamelin commanded the French Army, headquartered in Vincennes on the outskirts of Paris. It consisted of 117 divisions, with 94 committed to the northeastern front and a commander, General Alphonse Georges, at La Ferte-sous-Jouarre.
Pages in category "Marseille in World War II" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. B.
Marseille has served as a major port where immigrants from around the Mediterranean arrive. [71] Marseille continued to be multicultural. Armenians from the Ottoman Empire began arriving in 1913. In the 1930s, Italians settled in Marseille. After World War II, a wave of Jewish immigrants from North Africa arrived.
Operation Achse (German: Fall Achse, lit. 'Case Axis'), originally called Operation Alaric (Unternehmen Alarich), was the codename for the German operation to forcibly disarm the Italian armed forces after Italy's armistice with the Allies on 3 September 1943.