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In chemistry, a reaction mechanism is the step by step sequence of elementary reactions by which overall chemical reaction occurs. [1] A chemical mechanism is a theoretical conjecture that tries to describe in detail what takes place at each stage of an overall chemical reaction. The detailed steps of a reaction are not observable in most cases.
For example, p-bromobiphenyl may be prepared from 4-bromoaniline and benzene: [4] BrC 6 H 4 NH 2 + C 6 H 6 → BrC 6 H 4 −C 6 H 5. The reaction offers a wide scope for both diazonium component and arene component but yields are generally low following the original procedure (less than 40%), given the many side-reactions of diazonium salts.
an organic compound; simplest example of the ketones: Acetylene: a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne; widely used as a fuel and chemical building block Ammonia: inorganic; the precursor to most nitrogen-containing compounds; used to make fertilizer Ammonium hydroxide: aqueous ammonia; used in traditional qualitative inorganic analysis
The Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi reaction is a nickel/chromium coupling reaction forming an alcohol from the reaction of an aldehyde with an allyl or vinyl halide. [1] In their original 1977 publication, Tamejiro Hiyama and Hitoshi Nozaki [2] reported on a chromium(II) salt solution prepared by reduction of chromic chloride by lithium aluminium hydride to which was added benzaldehyde and allyl ...
An example of the E1cB reaction mechanism in the degradation of a hemiketal under basic conditions. The E1cB elimination reaction is a type of elimination reaction which occurs under basic conditions, where the hydrogen to be removed is relatively acidic, while the leaving group (such as -OH or -OR) is a relatively poor one.
The reaction mechanism [8] of the Bartoli indole synthesis is illustrated below using o-nitrotoluene (1) and propenyl Grignard (2) to form 3,7-dimethylindole (13). The mechanism of the Bartoli indole synthesis. The mechanism begins by the addition of the Grignard reagent (2) onto the nitroarene (1) to form intermediate 3.
Examples of associative mechanisms are commonly found in the chemistry of 16e square planar metal complexes, e.g. Vaska's complex and tetrachloroplatinate. The rate law is governed by the Eigen–Wilkins Mechanism. Dissociative substitution resembles the S N 1 mechanism in organic chemistry.
A typical representative organic reaction displaying this mechanism is the chlorination of alcohols with thionyl chloride, or the decomposition of alkyl chloroformates, the main feature is retention of stereochemical configuration. Some examples for this reaction were reported by Edward S. Lewis and Charles E. Boozer in 1952. [2]