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Adam [41] (short for Adaptive Moment Estimation) is a 2014 update to the RMSProp optimizer combining it with the main feature of the Momentum method. [42] In this optimization algorithm, running averages with exponential forgetting of both the gradients and the second moments of the gradients are used.
A positive-temperature-coefficient heating element (PTC heating element), or self-regulating heater, is an electrical resistance heater whose resistance increases significantly with temperature. The name self-regulating heater comes from the tendency of such heating elements to maintain a constant temperature when supplied by a given voltage.
RMSprop addresses this problem by keeping the moving average of the squared gradients for each weight and dividing the gradient by the square root of the mean square. [citation needed] RPROP is a batch update algorithm.
SGLD can be applied to the optimization of non-convex objective functions, shown here to be a sum of Gaussians. Stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics (SGLD) is an optimization and sampling technique composed of characteristics from Stochastic gradient descent, a Robbins–Monro optimization algorithm, and Langevin dynamics, a mathematical extension of molecular dynamics models.
A catalytic heater is a flameless heater which relies on catalyzed chemical reactions to break down molecules and produce calefaction (heat). [1] When the catalyst, fuel (e.g., natural gas), and oxygen combine together, they react at a low enough temperature that a flame is not produced.
A cartridge heater is a tube-shaped, heavy-duty, industrial Joule heating element used in the process heating industry, usually custom manufactured to a specific watt density, [1] based on its intended application. [2]
A gas heater is a space heater used to heat a room or outdoor area by burning natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, propane, or butane. Indoor household gas heaters can be broadly categorized in one of two ways: flued or non-flued, or vented and unvented .
Infrared heaters are usually classified by the wavelength they emit: Near infrared (NIR) or short-wave infrared heaters operate at high filament temperatures above 1,800 °C (3,270 °F) and when arranged in a field reach high power densities of some hundreds of kW/m 2. Their peak wavelength is well below the absorption spectrum for water ...