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The Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), also known as the Asiatic elephant, is a species of elephant distributed throughout the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, from India in the west to Borneo in the east, and Nepal in the north to Sumatra in the south. Three subspecies are recognised—E. m. maximus, E. m. indicus and E. m. sumatranus.
The Sri Lankan elephant (Elephas maximus maximus) is native to Sri Lanka and one of three recognised subspecies of the Asian elephant. It is the type subspecies of the Asian elephant and was first described by Carl Linnaeus under the binomial Elephas maximus in 1758. [ 1 ]
The Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is one of three recognized subspecies of the Asian elephant, and native to the Indonesian island of Sumatra.In 2011, IUCN upgraded the conservation status of the Sumatran elephant from endangered to critically endangered in its Red List as the population had declined by at least 80% during the past three generations, estimated to be about 75 ...
A definitive subspecific classification as Elephas maximus borneensis awaits a detailed range-wide morphometric and genetic study. In 2024, the Borneo elephant has been listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List as the population has declined by at least 50% over the last three generations, estimated to be 60–75 years.
The Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus) is one of three extant recognized subspecies of the Asian elephant. [3] Carl Linnaeus proposed the scientific name Elephas maximus in 1758 for an elephant from Ceylon. [4] Elephas indicus was proposed by Georges Cuvier in 1798, who described an elephant from India. [5]
Elephas is a genus of elephants and one of two surviving genera in the family Elephantidae, comprising one extant species, the Asian elephant (E. maximus). [1] Several extinct species have been identified as belonging to the genus, extending back to the Pliocene or possibly the late Miocene .
The Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) is the major threatened species found in the sanctuary. The elephants are mainly restricted to the Dulahazara, Ringvong and Fasiakhali reserved forest blocks. The elephants are mainly restricted to the Dulahazara, Ringvong and Fasiakhali reserved forest blocks.
The different locations vary greatly in their vegetation and wildlife habitat depending on the local soil types. The land has been greatly disturbed by human conversion to agriculture and illegal logging in recent years. Several of the sectors support significant populations of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)'. [2] [3] [1] [4]