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The Livonian War (1558–1583) concerned control of Old Livonia (in the territory of present-day Estonia and Latvia). The Tsardom of Russia faced a varying coalition of the Dano-Norwegian Realm , the Kingdom of Sweden , and the Union (later Commonwealth ) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland .
The Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory (also referred to as the Russo-Polish War) [3] took place in the final stage of the Livonian War, between 1577 and 1582. Polish–Lithuanian forces led by Stephen Báthory successfully fought against the army of Russian tsar Ivan IV ("the Terrible") over the Duchy of Livonia and Polotsk .
The Treaty, Truce or Second Peace of Novgorod was concluded in March 1557. It ended the Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557) , a series of skirmishes in the Viborg and Oreshek areas resulting from Swedish attempts to keep Livonia , where the Teutonic Order 's rule had collapsed, out of the Russian sphere of influence.
Estonians fought on both the German and the Soviet side in the war, in all major battles involving Estonia. Other sub-conflicts of World War II with Estonian volunteers: 1939–1940, the Winter War on the Finnish side and against the Soviet Union. 1941–1944, the Continuation War on the Finnish side and against the Soviet Union.
The Livonian–Russian war of 1480–1481 was a conflict between the Livonian Order and the joined forces of the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Pskov Republic for dominion over territories today identified with the Estonia–Russia border. [1]
This category contains historical battles fought as part of the Livonian War (1558 ...
The Livonian Order then sought protection from Sigismund II Augustus, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, who had intervened in a war between Bishop William of Riga and the Brothers in 1557. After coming to an agreement with Sigismund II, Augustus and his representatives (especially Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł ), the last Livonian ...
The Russo-Swedish War of 1554–1557, considered a prelude to the Livonian War of 1558–1583, arose out of border skirmishes. It ended when the parties agreed on a truce in the Treaty of Novgorod (1557) .