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Occasionally, a large concha bullosa may cause it to bulge sufficiently to obstruct the opening of an adjacent sinus, possibly leading to sleeping apnea or breathing disorder related to areas innervated by the trigeminal nerve. [2] In such a case the turbinate can be reduced in size by endoscopic nasal surgery (turbinectomy).
Illustration of upper respiratory system. In anatomy, a nasal concha (/ ˈ k ɒ n k ə /; pl.: conchae; / ˈ k ɒ n k iː /; Latin for 'shell'), also called a nasal turbinate or turbinal, [1] [2] is a long, narrow, curled shelf of bone that protrudes into the breathing passage of the nose in humans and various other animals.
A turbinectomy or turbinoplasty (preserving the mucosal layer) is a surgical procedure, that removes tissue, and sometimes bone, of the turbinates in the nasal passage, particularly the inferior nasal concha. The procedure is usually performed to relieve nasal obstructions. [1]
A common anatomic variant is an air-filled cavity within a concha known as a concha bullosa. [77] In rare cases a polyp can form inside a bullosa. [78] Usually a concha bullosa is small and without symptoms but when large can cause obstruction to sinus drainage. [79]
The uncinate process can be attached to either the lateral nasal wall, on the lamina papyracea (50%), the anterior cranial fossa, on the ethmoidal roof (25%), or the middle concha (25%). The superior attachment of the uncinate process determines the drainage pattern of the frontal sinus.
Nasal surgery is a specialty including the removal of nasal obstruction that cannot be achieved by medication and nasal reconstruction. Currently, it comprises four approaches, namely rhinoplasty, septoplasty, sinus surgery, and turbinoplasty, targeted at different sections of the nasal cavity in the order of their external to internal positions.
It is the location of the openings for the frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, and anterior ethmoidal sinus. It is bounded inferiorly and anteriorly by the sharp concave margin of the uncinate process of the ethmoid bone , superiorly by the ethmoidal bulla , and posteriorly by the ethmoidal process of the inferior nasal concha . [ 4 ]
A CT scan showing evidence of the nasal cycle: the more patent airway is on the right of the image, the swollen turbinates congesting the left. The nasal cycle is the subconscious [1] [2] alternating partial congestion and decongestion of the nasal cavities in humans and other animals.