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A tire-pressure monitoring system (TPMS) monitors the air pressure inside the pneumatic tires on vehicles. [1] A TPMS reports real-time tire-pressure information to the driver, using either a gauge, a pictogram display, or a simple low-pressure warning light. TPMS can be divided into two different types – direct (dTPMS) and indirect (iTPMS).
A typical direct TPMS (e.g. Ford, [4] BMW [5] or Toyota [6]) comprises the following components on a vehicle: A direct TPM sensor fitted to the back of the valve stem on each wheel; A TPM Warning Light; Unique identifier (IDs) for which tire is providing the data including speed and the direction of rotation; A tire pressure monitor electronic ...
With the new 3.2 models, Alpinas were now based on the 328i and its 2.8L engine, rather than 325i models. [27] Alpina B3 3.2. In 1995, the B8 was released. The B8 4.6 was based on the 4 litre V8 from the E34 5-series, put into a 328i-based shell. BMW V8s had coated bores which meant new blocks had to be cast by BMW specifically for Alpina V8s.
In June 2022, BMW revealed the first BMW M3 Touring, codenamed G81. Based on the seventh generation 3 Series, it marks the first time a BMW M Touring model reached the market. [ 27 ] The touring version of the M3 contains the same engine and interior setup as the M3 sedan, but extends the roof line to become a wagon .
It was first used in the F56 Mini Hatch and has been used in BMW applications since 2015. The B48 is part of a modular BMW engine family of 3-cylinder ( B38 / B37 ), 4-cylinder (B48/ B47 ) and 6-cylinder ( B58 / B57 ) engines, [ 1 ] which use a displacement of 500 cc (30.5 cu in) per cylinder.