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Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is a metabolic ... Refeeding syndrome usually occurs within four days of starting to re-feed. ... enteral tube feeding and parenteral ...
Parenteral nutrition (PN), or intravenous feeding, is the feeding of nutritional products to a person intravenously, [1] bypassing the usual process of eating and digestion. The products are made by pharmaceutical compounding entities or standard pharmaceutical companies.
A nutrient enema, also known as feeding per rectum, rectal alimentation, or rectal feeding, is an enema administered to provide nutrition in cases where normal eating is not possible. In modern medicine, nutrient enemas have been superseded by tube feeding and parenteral nutrition (intravenous feeding).
Severely malnourished individuals can experience refeeding syndrome if fed too quickly. [169] Refeeding syndrome can result regardless of whether food is taken orally, enterally or parenterally. [169] It can present several days after eating with potentially fatal heart failure, dysrhythmias, and confusion. [169] [170]
It is important that physicians are aware of the signs of refeeding syndrome, as this can be life-threatening if not detected early. [23] Because a symptom of the RED-S is menstrual dysfunction, some physicians may recommend oral contraceptives because those pills will regulate the menstrual cycle. However, the underlying cause of the menstrual ...
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is an endoscopic medical procedure in which a tube (PEG tube) is passed into a patient's stomach through the abdominal wall, most commonly to provide a means of feeding when oral intake is not adequate (for example, because of dysphagia or sedation).
Causes include alcohol use disorder, refeeding in those with malnutrition, recovery from diabetic ketoacidosis, burns, hyperventilation, and certain medications. [1] It may also occur in the setting of hyperparathyroidism, hypothyroidism, and Cushing syndrome. [1]
Patients that suffer from starvation can be treated, but this must be done cautiously to avoid refeeding syndrome. [24] Rest and warmth must be provided and maintained. Food can be given gradually in small quantities. The quantity of food can be increased over time. Proteins may be administered intravenously to raise the level of serum proteins ...