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Lymphedema is most frequently a complication of cancer treatment or parasitic infections, but it can also be seen in a number of genetic disorders. Tissues with lymphedema are at high risk of infection because the lymphatic system has been compromised. [3] Though incurable and progressive, a number of treatments may improve symptoms. [2]
The pathophysiology is not yet well understood. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is proposed to be the underlying cause resulting in reactive lymphedema. [2] Prolonged standing with full knee extension and minimal movement for a prolonged period of time is postulated to induce a temporary failure in pumping the venous and lymphatic systems in the calf region leading to acute gravity-dependent ...
Lack of exercise is another common cause of water retention in the legs. Exercise helps the leg veins work against gravity to return blood to the heart . If blood travels too slowly and starts to pool in the leg veins , the pressure can force too much fluid out of the leg capillaries into the tissue spaces.
Standing places significant pressure on the joint of the hips, knees, ankle and feet but without any significant movement of it. [9] This reduces the normal lubrication and cushioning of synovial joints, causing them to tear. The combined effect of pressure and tearing can cause extensive amounts of pain and make it difficult to move or walk. [3]
Nerve glide, also known as nerve flossing or nerve stretching, is an exercise that stretches nerves. It facilitates the smooth and regular movement of peripheral nerves in the body. It allows the nerve to glide freely along with the movement of the joint and relax the nerve from compression.
Open chain exercises are postulated to be advantageous in rehabilitation settings because they can be easily manipulated to selectively target specific muscles, or specific heads of certain muscles, more effectively than their closed chain counterparts, at different phases of contraction.
Secondary lymphedema is a condition characterized by swelling of the soft tissues in which an excessive amount of lymph has accumulated, and is caused by certain malignant diseases such as Hodgkin's disease and Kaposi sarcoma. [1]: 849
If non-invasive treatment measures fail, tarsal tunnel release surgery may be recommended. Tarsal tunnel release is a form of a nerve decompression to relieve pressure on the tibial nerve. The incision is made behind the ankle bone and then down towards but not as far as the bottom of foot. The posterior tibial nerve is identified above the ankle.
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