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This helped establish the Arab Empire (including the Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid Caliphates and also Fatimids) as the world's leading economic power throughout the 8th–13th centuries according to the political scientist John M. Hobson. [13] It is commonly believed that Mu‘awiya Ibn Abi Sufyan was the first planner and establisher of the ...
Map of the world produced in 1689 by Gerard van Schagen.. The history of navigation, or the history of seafaring, is the art of directing vessels upon the open sea through the establishment of its position and course by means of traditional practice, geometry, astronomy, or special instruments.
This helped establish the Arab Empire (including the Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid and Fatimid caliphates) as the world's leading extensive economic power throughout the 8th–13th centuries according to the political scientist John M. Hobson. [45] The Belitung is the oldest discovered Arabic ship to reach the Asian sea, dating back over 1000 ...
Portugal sought to establish control over the sea route to India, necessitating a presence in the Gulf. The Portuguese established a foothold in Hormuz in 1507 and built the Fort of Our Lady of the Conception, effectively setting up the first European diplomatic and military presence in the region. [1] [2]
Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell CBE (14 July 1868 – 12 July 1926) was an English writer, traveller, political officer, administrator, and archaeologist.She spent much of her life exploring and mapping the Middle East, and became highly influential to British imperial policy-making as an Arabist due to her knowledge and contacts built up through extensive travels.
This timeline tries to show dates of important historical events that happened in or that led to the rise of the Middle East/ South West Asia .The Middle East is the territory that comprises today's Egypt, the Persian Gulf states, Iran, Iraq, Israel and Palestine, Cyprus, Jordan, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
William Gifford Palgrave was the first European to cross Arabia from west to east in 1862. [ 2 ] Charles Montagu Doughty travelled through Arabia from 1876 to 1878 living with the Bedouin tribes [ 3 ] and wrote a book Travels in Arabia Deserta in 1888.
Haplogroup J-P209, the most common human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup in the Middle East today, is believed to have arisen in the region 31,700 ± 12,800 years ago. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] The two main current subgroups, J-M267 and J-M172 , which now comprise between them almost all of the population of the haplogroup, are both believed to have arisen very ...