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A more complex example of a P&ID. A piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is defined as follows: A diagram which shows the interconnection of process equipment and the instrumentation used to control the process. In the process industry, a standard set of symbols is used to prepare drawings of processes.
ISO 10628 Diagrams for the chemical and petrochemical industry specifies the classification, content, and representation of flow diagrams. It does not apply to electrical engineering diagrams.
Some instrumentation is self actuating. For example, pressure regulators maintain a constant pre-set pressure, and rupture discs and pressure safety valves open at pre-set pressures. [3] Instrumentation includes facilities for operating personnel to intervene in the plant either locally or from a control room.
A PFD can be computer generated from process simulators (see List of Chemical Process Simulators), CAD packages, or flow chart software using a library of chemical engineering symbols. Rules and symbols are available from standardization organizations such as DIN, ISO or ANSI. Often PFDs are produced on large sheets of paper.
Thus they are instead given as basic dimensions. In modern practice basic dimensions have a rectangular box around them, or sometimes the word "BASIC". BC or B.C. bolt circle: BCD or B.C.D. bolt circle diameter: BHC bolt hole circle Same definition as the bolt circle diameter BHCS: button head cap screw: Like an SHCS but with a button head. BHN
Orifice plate showing vena contracta. An orifice plate is a thin plate with a hole in it, which is usually placed in a pipe. When a fluid (whether liquid or gaseous) passes through the orifice, its pressure builds up slightly upstream of the orifice [1] but as the fluid is forced to converge to pass through the hole, the velocity increases and the fluid pressure decreases.
Subway Fare Card Machine Flow Process Chart (which doesn't use the ASME standard set of symbols). The flow process chart is a graphical and symbolic representation of the activities performed on the work piece during the operation in industrial engineering. [1]
The symbol of a process is a circle, an oval, a rectangle or a rectangle with rounded corners (according to the type of notation). The process is named in one word, a short sentence, or a phrase that is clearly to express its essence.