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  2. Renal medulla - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_medulla

    The renal medulla (Latin: medulla renis 'marrow of the kidney') is the innermost part of the kidney. The renal medulla is split up into a number of sections, known as the renal pyramids. Blood enters into the kidney via the renal artery, which then splits up to form the segmental arteries which then branch to form interlobar arteries.

  3. Kidney - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney

    Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) are a relatively common and particularly painful disorder. A chronic condition can result in scars to the kidneys. The removal of kidney stones involves ultrasound treatment to break up the stones into smaller pieces, which are then passed through the urinary tract. One common symptom of kidney stones is a sharp ...

  4. Mammalian kidney - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalian_kidney

    The kidneys of marine mammals can have hundreds [16] or thousands [49] of reniculi, each with its own cortex, medulla, and calyx. [16] For example, each whale kidney consist of about 7000 renculi which join a common collective system. [49] Although the kidneys of manatees are actually multilobar because their cortex is continuous rather than ...

  5. Kidney stone disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_stone_disease

    Kidney stones are primarily composed of calcium salts, with the most common being calcium oxalate (70-80%), followed by calcium phosphate and uric acid. When urine contains high concentrations of these ions, they can form crystals and eventually stones. [41] The formation of kidney stones occurs in three main phases: [41]

  6. Medullary sponge kidney - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medullary_sponge_kidney

    Medullary sponge kidney is a congenital disorder of the kidneys characterized by cystic dilatation of the collecting tubules in one or both kidneys. Individuals with medullary sponge kidney are at increased risk for kidney stones and urinary tract infection (UTI). Patients with MSK typically pass twice as many stones per year as do other stone ...

  7. Renal physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_physiology

    Renal physiology (Latin renes, "kidneys") is the study of the physiology of the kidney. This encompasses all functions of the kidney, including maintenance of acid-base balance; regulation of fluid balance; regulation of sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes; clearance of toxins; absorption of glucose, amino acids, and other small molecules ...

  8. Collecting duct system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collecting_duct_system

    The collecting duct system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that physically connect nephrons to a minor calyx or directly to the renal pelvis.The collecting duct participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion, processes regulated by the hormones aldosterone and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone).

  9. Calculus (medicine) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus_(medicine)

    Obstruction of an opening or duct, interfering with normal flow and disrupting the function of the organ in question; Predisposition to infection (often due to disruption of normal flow) A number of important medical conditions are caused by stones: [citation needed] Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)

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