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Perpendicular is also used as a noun: a perpendicular is a line which is perpendicular to a given line or plane. Perpendicularity is one particular instance of the more general mathematical concept of orthogonality ; perpendicularity is the orthogonality of classical geometric objects.
The distance (or perpendicular distance) from a point to a line is the shortest distance from a fixed point to any point on a fixed infinite line in Euclidean geometry. It is the length of the line segment which joins the point to the line and is perpendicular to the line. The formula for calculating it can be derived and expressed in several ways.
The perpendicular line passing through the chord's midpoint is called sagitta (Latin for "arrow"). More generally, a chord is a line segment joining two points on any curve, for instance, on an ellipse. A chord that passes through a circle's center point is the circle's diameter.
A polygon and its two normal vectors A normal to a surface at a point is the same as a normal to the tangent plane to the surface at the same point.. In geometry, a normal is an object (e.g. a line, ray, or vector) that is perpendicular to a given object.
The line perpendicular to the directrix and passing through the focus (that is, the line that splits the parabola through the middle) is called the "axis of symmetry". The point where the parabola intersects its axis of symmetry is called the "vertex" and is the point where the parabola is most sharply curved. The distance between the vertex ...
The above formula means that the component of the curl of a vector field along a certain axis is the infinitesimal area density of the circulation of the field in a plane perpendicular to that axis. This formula does not a priori define a legitimate vector field, for the individual circulation densities with respect to various axes a priori ...
In geometry, a straight line, usually abbreviated line, is an infinitely long object with no width, depth, or curvature, an idealization of such physical objects as a straightedge, a taut string, or a ray of light.
The flux through each patch is equal to the normal (perpendicular) component of the field, the dot product of F(x) with the unit normal vector n(x) (blue arrows) at the point x multiplied by the area dS. The sum of F · n, dS for each patch on the surface is the flux through the surface. Here are 3 definitions in increasing order of complexity.