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An infinite series of any rational function of can be reduced to a finite series of polygamma functions, by use of partial fraction decomposition, [8] as explained here. This fact can also be applied to finite series of rational functions, allowing the result to be computed in constant time even when the series contains a large number of terms.
Ramanujan summation is a technique invented by the mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan for assigning a value to divergent infinite series.Although the Ramanujan summation of a divergent series is not a sum in the traditional sense, it has properties that make it mathematically useful in the study of divergent infinite series, for which conventional summation is undefined.
In mathematics, summation is the addition of a sequence of numbers, called addends or summands; the result is their sum or total.Beside numbers, other types of values can be summed as well: functions, vectors, matrices, polynomials and, in general, elements of any type of mathematical objects on which an operation denoted "+" is defined.
As another example of using generating functions to relate sequences and manipulate sums, for an arbitrary sequence f n we define the two sequences of sums := = ~:= = (+) (+) (+), for all n ≥ 0, and seek to express the second sums in terms of the first. We suggest an approach by generating functions.
For example, one could create a function that creates an infinite list (often called a stream) of Fibonacci numbers. The calculation of the n -th Fibonacci number would be merely the extraction of that element from the infinite list, forcing the evaluation of only the first n members of the list.
It is used to prove Kronecker's lemma, which in turn, is used to prove a version of the strong law of large numbers under variance constraints. It may be used to prove Nicomachus's theorem that the sum of the first cubes equals the square of the sum of the first positive integers. [2]
For example, many asymptotic expansions are derived from the formula, and Faulhaber's formula for the sum of powers is an immediate consequence. The formula was discovered independently by Leonhard Euler and Colin Maclaurin around 1735. Euler needed it to compute slowly converging infinite series while Maclaurin used it to calculate integrals.
The technique of the previous example may also be applied to other Dirichlet series. If a n = μ ( n ) {\displaystyle a_{n}=\mu (n)} is the Möbius function and ϕ ( x ) = x − s {\displaystyle \phi (x)=x^{-s}} , then A ( x ) = M ( x ) = ∑ n ≤ x μ ( n ) {\displaystyle A(x)=M(x)=\sum _{n\leq x}\mu (n)} is Mertens function and