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  2. Phonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonics

    Reading by using phonics is often referred to as decoding words, sounding-out words or using print-to-sound relationships.Since phonics focuses on the sounds and letters within words (i.e. sublexical), [13] it is often contrasted with whole language (a word-level-up philosophy for teaching reading) and a compromise approach called balanced literacy (the attempt to combine whole language and ...

  3. IPA vowel chart with audio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA_vowel_chart_with_audio

    Within the chart “close”, “open”, “mid”, “front”, “central”, and “back” refer to the placement of the sound within the mouth. [3] At points where two sounds share an intersection, the left is unrounded, and the right is rounded which refers to the shape of the lips while making the sound. [4]

  4. Synthetic phonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_phonics

    Teaching the reading and writing of words in order of increasing irregularity, in other words teaching words which use typical letter-sounds first (e.g. fan and ape), and teaching words with more unusual letter-sounds later (e.g. phone and eight). Synthetic phonics programmes do not have the following characteristics:

  5. Emergent literacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergent_literacies

    For example, the letter /b/ starts with the /b/ sound. It is important for children to connect the visual letter to its corresponding sound. [16] Knowing the letter name and sound is shown to help children write the letter. The ability of a child to write their name correctly is a good indicator of their emergent alphabetic skills.

  6. Initial Teaching Alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_Teaching_Alphabet

    There are two English sounds which each have more than one I.T.A. letter whose main function is to write them. So whether the sound [k] is written with the letters "c" or "k" in I.T.A. depends on the way the sound is written in standard English spelling, as also whether the sound [z] is written with the ordinary "z" letter or with a special ...

  7. English orthography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_orthography

    English orthography comprises the set of rules used when writing the English language, [1] [2] allowing readers and writers to associate written graphemes with the sounds of spoken English, as well as other features of the language. [3] English's orthography includes norms for spelling, hyphenation, capitalisation, word breaks, emphasis, and ...

  8. Balanced literacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced_Literacy

    Balanced literacy is a theory of teaching reading and writing the English language that arose in the 1990s and has a variety of interpretations. For some, balanced literacy strikes a balance between whole language and phonics and puts an end to the so called "reading wars".

  9. Language development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_development

    The first of Kroll's phases is the preparation for writing phase. In this phase the child is believed to grasp the technical skills needed for writing, allowing them to create the letters needed to write the words the children say. In this initial phase children experience many opportunities to extend their spoken language skills.