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  2. Lime softening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_softening

    Lime softening was first used in 1841 to treat Thames River water. The process expanded in use as the other benefits of the process were discovered. Lime softening greatly expanded in use during the early 1900s as industrial water use expanded. Lime softening provides soft water that can, in some cases, be used more effectively for heat ...

  3. Water softening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_softening

    Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water. The resulting soft water requires less soap for the same cleaning effort, as soap is not wasted bonding with calcium ions. Soft water also extends the lifetime of plumbing by reducing or eliminating scale build-up in pipes and fittings.

  4. Thomas Clark (chemist) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Clark_(chemist)

    He became known for the discovery of the phosphate of soda, and the process of lime softening of hard water the 'Clark process'. A Clark degree (°Clark) of water hardness is defined as one grain (64.8 mg) of CaCO 3 per Imperial gallon (4.55 litres) of water, equivalent to 14.254 ppm. and 10^5 parts of water

  5. Water purification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification

    The choice of method will depend on the quality of the water being treated, the cost of the treatment process and the quality standards expected of the processed water. The processes below are the ones commonly used in water purification plants. Some or most may not be used depending on the scale of the plant and quality of the raw (source) water.

  6. Water treatment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_treatment

    Dalecarlia Water Treatment Plant, Washington, D.C. Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment.

  7. Dealkalization of water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dealkalization_of_water

    Dealkalizers are most often used as pre-treatment to a boiler and are usually preceded by a water softener. Alkalinity is a factor that most often dictates the amount of boiler blowdown . High alkalinity promotes boiler foaming and carryover and causes high amounts of boiler blowoff.

  8. Coagulation (water treatment) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulation_(water_treatment)

    Coagulation-flocculation process in a water treatment system. In water treatment, coagulation and flocculation involve the addition of compounds that promote the clumping of fine floc into larger floc so that they can be more easily separated from the water. Coagulation is a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge whereas ...

  9. Limescale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limescale

    The Roman Eifel Aqueduct was completed around 80 AD and broken and largely destroyed by Germanic tribes in 260. By the Middle Ages the limestone-like limescale accretions from the inside of the aqueduct were particularly desirable as a building material, called "Eifel marble" in an area with little natural stone.