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Thermopylae is one of the most famous battles in European ancient history, repeatedly referenced in ancient, recent, and contemporary culture. [citation needed] In Western culture at least, it is the Greeks who are lauded for their performance in battle. [134]
Thermopylae means "hot gates", referring to the area’s hot sulfur springs. [1] The location was also associated with the cavernous entrance to Hades, the underworld in Greek mythology, which was said to be at Thermopylae. [4] According to one version of the Labours of Heracles, it was said that the waters at Thermopylae became hot because the ...
Xerxes I / ˈzɜːrkˌsiːz / ZURK-seez[2][a] (c. 518 – August 465 BC), commonly known as Xerxes the Great, [4] was a Persian ruler who served as the fourth King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning from 486 BC until his assassination in 465 BC. He was the son of Darius the Great and Atossa, a daughter of Cyrus the Great.
The second Persian invasion of Greece (480–479 BC) occurred during the Greco-Persian Wars, as King Xerxes I of Persia sought to conquer all of Greece. The invasion was a direct, if delayed, response to the defeat of the first Persian invasion of Greece (492–490 BC) at the Battle of Marathon, which ended Darius I 's attempts to subjugate Greece.
Ephialtes (/ ˌ ɛ f i ˈ æ l t iː z /; Greek: Ἐφιάλτης Ephialtēs) [a] was a Greek renegade during the Greco-Persian Wars.Born to Eurydemus (Εὐρύδημος) of Malis, [1] he betrayed his homeland and people to the Achaemenid Empire by revealing the existence of a path around the Greek coalition's position at Thermopylae. [2]
300,000 killed. The Greco-Persian Wars (also often called the Persian Wars) were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire and Greek city-states that started in 499 BC [i] and lasted until 449 BC. The collision between the fractious political world of the Greeks and the enormous empire of the Persians began when Cyrus the Great ...
The advice given to Xerxes on invading Greece: Mardonius for invasion, Artabanus against (7.9-10) Leonidas at Thermopylae, by Jacques-Louis David (1814) The dreams of Xerxes in which a phantom frightens him and Artabanus into choosing invasion; The preparations for war, including building the Xerxes Canal and Xerxes' Pontoon Bridges across the ...
The previous year, the Persian invasion force, led by Xerxes himself, had scored victories at the battles of Thermopylae and Artemisium, and conquered Thessaly, Boeotia and Attica; however, at the ensuing Battle of Salamis, the allied Greek navies had won an unlikely victory, and therefore prevented the conquest of the Peloponnese.