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There are two stable isotopes, 35 Cl (75.8%) and 37 Cl (24.2%), giving chlorine a standard atomic weight of 35.45. The longest-lived radioactive isotope is 36 Cl, which has a half-life of 301,000 years. All other isotopes have half-lives under 1 hour, many less than one second. The shortest-lived are proton-unbound 29 Cl and 30 Cl, with half ...
The primary decay mode of isotopes lighter than 35 Cl is electron capture to isotopes of sulfur; that of isotopes heavier than 37 Cl is beta decay to isotopes of argon; and 36 Cl may decay by either mode to stable 36 S or 36 Ar. [41] 36 Cl occurs in trace quantities in nature as a cosmogenic nuclide in a ratio of about (7–10) × 10 −13 to 1 ...
For other isotopes, the isotopic mass is usually within 0.1 u of the mass number. For example, 35 Cl (17 protons and 18 neutrons) has a mass number of 35 and an isotopic mass of 34.96885. [7] The difference of the actual isotopic mass minus the mass number of an atom is known as the mass excess, [8] which for 35 Cl is –0.03115.
The δ values and absolute isotope ratios of common reference materials are summarized in Table 1 and described in more detail below. Alternative values for the absolute isotopic ratios of reference materials, differing only modestly from those in Table 1, are presented in Table 2.5 of Sharp (2007) [1] (a text freely available online), as well as Table 1 of the 1993 IAEA report on isotopic ...
A table or chart of nuclides is a two-dimensional graph of isotopes of the elements, in which one axis represents the number of neutrons (symbol N) and the other represents the number of protons (atomic number, symbol Z) in the atomic nucleus. Each point plotted on the graph thus represents a nuclide of a known or hypothetical chemical element.
Chlorine-37 (37 Cl), is one of the stable isotopes of chlorine, the other being chlorine-35 (35 Cl). Its nucleus contains 17 protons and 20 neutrons for a total of 37 nucleons. Chlorine-37 accounts for 24.23% of natural chlorine, chlorine-35 accounting for 75.77%, giving chlorine atoms in bulk an apparent atomic weight of 35.45(1) g/mol. [1]
A nuclide is a species of an atom with a specific number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, for example, carbon-13 with 6 protons and 7 neutrons. The nuclide concept (referring to individual nuclear species) emphasizes nuclear properties over chemical properties, whereas the isotope concept (grouping all atoms of each element) emphasizes chemical over nuclear.
An isotopic signature (also isotopic fingerprint) is a ratio of non-radiogenic ' stable isotopes ', stable radiogenic isotopes, or unstable radioactive isotopes of particular elements in an investigated material. The ratios of isotopes in a sample material are measured by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry against an isotopic reference material.